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Biological/ Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system.[1] Traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine and allied disciplines, philosophy, physics, and psychology. -
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functionalism
Functionalism is a theory of the mind in contemporary philosophy, developed largely as an alternative to both the identity theory of mind and behaviourism. Its core idea is that mental states are constituted solely by their functional role — that is, they are causal relations to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs. -
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Structuralism
Structuralism is a theoretical paradigm emphasizing that elements of culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching system or structure. -
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psychoanalyis
Psychodynamic psychotherapy is a form of depth psychology, the primary focus of which is to reveal the unconscious content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension. -
Ivan Pavlovs dog experiment
Pavlov presented the dog with a ringing bell followed by food. The food elicited salivation, and after repeated bell- food pairings the bell also caused the dog to salivate.Theorists now more commonly believed that the CS comes to signal the US. In Pavlovs experiment the bell tone signaled and predicted the arrival of dog food, resulting in the dog salavating. -
Thorndikes Puzzle Box
Focused on instrumental learning, which means that learning is developed from the organism doing something. The cats used various methods trying to get out, but it didn't work until they hit a lever. Then he tried placing the cat in the box again and the cat was able to hit the lever immediatly. He came to the conclusion that reward is more effective than punishment and the reward must come immediatly after success. -
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that combines elements of philosophy, methodology, and theory. -
Little Albert
John Watson was interested in finding support for his notion that the reaction of children, whenever they heard loud noises, was prompted by fear. He reasoned that this fear was due to an unconditioned response. He thought that by following the principles of classical conditioning he could condition a child to fear another distinctive stimulus which normally would not have been found. -
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Evolutionary
Evolutionary psychology is an approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological traits such as memory, perception, and language from a modern evolutionary perspective. -
Maslows Hierarchy of needs
Maslows Hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of pyramid with the largest, most fundamental at the bottom and the need for self- actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers contain deficiency needs. If these needs are not met, with the exception of the most fundamental need, these may not be a physical indication, but the person will feel anxious and tense. The theory says that the most basic levels must be met before the person will desire the higher level -
Skinner Box
Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber known as the Skinner box. He discovered that consequences for the organism played a large role in how the organism responded in certain situations. Like when the rat pulled the lever it recieved food, so he continued to do it.Skinner box led to the principle of reinforcement. -
Roland Fischers Supertasters
The ability to taste PTC was genetic in nature. Fischer was the first to link the ability to taste PTC and the related compound PROP, to food preference and the body type. Today PROP has replaced PTC in taste research. It was discovered by Bartoshuk that the taster group could be divided into medium and super tasters. 25% of people are nontasters, 50% medium, and 25% supertasters. -
Bonduros Bobo Doll
This experiment in the social learning theory that people not only learn by being rewarded or punished itself, but can learn from watching somebody being rewarded or punished. These experiments are importent because they sparked many more studies on the effects of observational learning and they have practical implications like how children can be influenced by watching violent media. -
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Socio-Cultural
Sociocultural evolution is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have changed over time -
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Cognition
cognition is a group of mental processes that includes attention, memory, producing and understanding language, learning, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. -
Genie case study
The victim of one of the most severe cases of abuse and neglect ever documented. She spent mostof her first 13 years of life locked inside a bedroom, strapped to a toilet, or bound inside a crib. In the first several years after Genies rescue scientists focused on studying acquusition of language skills and linguistic development. This information allowed them to publish works testing theorys and hypothesis identifying critical periods during which humans learn to understand and use language. -
Prison experiment
The results of the experiment have been argued to demonstrate the impressionability and obediance of people when provided with a legitamizing idealogy and instutional support. It has also been used to illustrate cognitive dissonance theory and the power of authority. It seemed that the situation rather than the individual personalities, caused the participants behavior.
