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Biological/Neuroscience
application of the principles of biology (in particular neurobiology), to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in human and non-human animals. It typically investigates at the level of nerves, neurotransmitters, brain circuitry and the basic biological processes that underlie normal and abnormal behavior. Most typically, experiments in behavioral neuroscience involve non-human animal models (such as rats and mice, and non-human primates) which have implic -
Evoution At It's Peak
Charles Darwin publishes "The Orgin of the Species" basically about how species evolved over time and gradually diverged. Evolutionary based on the whole natural selection, adapted, etc. -
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Evolutionary
an approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological traits such as memory, perception, and language from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology. Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same -
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Behaviorism
Founded by John B. Watson based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Behaviorism was established with the publication of Watson's classic paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It -
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Structuralism
Founded by Wundt; the study of the elements of consciousness. The idea is that conscious experience can be broken down into basic conscious elements, much as a physical phenomenon can be viewed as consisting of chemical structures, that can in turn be broken down into basic elements. -
First Psychology Lab
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psycholgy lab at the university of Leipzip, Germany. -
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Functionalism
formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. -
Pavlov's Dog
Ivan Pavlow began studying the salivary respone and other reflexes. The dogs were responding to the sight of the research assistants' white lab coats, which the animals had come to associate with the presentation of food. Unlike the salivary response to the presentation of food, which is an unconditioned reflex, salivating to the expectation of food is a conditioned reflex. -
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Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic
Created by Sigmeund Freud; emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. -
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Cognition
studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy and linguistics. -
Hierarcy of Motivation
Abraham Maslow described his hierarcy of needs in :A Thoery of Human Motivation: published in Psychological Review.
Self-actualization – morality, creativity, problem solving, etc.
Esteem – includes confidence, self-esteem, achievement, respect, etc.
Belongingness – includes love, friendship, intimacy, family, etc.
Safety – includes security of environment, employment, resources, health, property, etc.
Physiological – includes air, food, water, sex, sleep, other factors towards homeostasis -
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Humanism
focused on each individual's potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization. The fundamental belief of humanistic psychology is that people are innately good and that mental and social problems result from deviations from this natural tendency. -
Skinner Box
Positive reinforcement when placing a hungry rat in the box. When the rat moved around and hit the lever, and food was released, they quickly learned to go straight to the lever to recieve food. Created by B.F Skinner. -
Is that ape your brother?! Similarites.
Jane Goodall began her study of primates in Africa, discovering that chimps have behavirors similar to the human's cultures on the planet. -
Bobo Doll
The Bobo doll experiment was the name of the experiments conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961 and 1963 studying children´s behavior after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll. There are different variations of the experiment. The most notable experiment measured the children's behaviour after seeing the model get rewarded, punished or experience no consequence for beating up the bobo doll. This experiment is the empirical demonstration of Bandura's social learning theory. -
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Socio-Cultural
emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live. -
Genie- Story of the Wild Child
After conducting an assessment of Genie's emotional and cognitive abilities, Kent described her as "the most profoundly damaged child I've ever seen… Genie's life is a wasteland." Her silence and inability to use language made it difficult to assess her mental abilities, but on tests she scored at about the level of a one-year-old.She soon began to make rapid progression in specific areas, quickly learning how to use the toilet and dress herself. But struggled with language. -
Koko the Gorilla
is a female gorilla who, according to Francine "Penny" Patterson, is able to understand more than 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language,and understand approximately 2,000 words of spoken English. Cognition. -
Herpesviral Encephalitis affects on Clive Wearing
Wearing contracted Herpesviral encephalitis- a Herpes simplex virus that attacked his central nervous system.Since this point, he has been unable to store new memories. He has also been unable to control emotions and associate memories well.Because the hippocampus, an area required to transfer memories from short-term to long-term memory is damaged, he is completely unable to form lasting new memories – his memory only lasts between 7 and 30 seconds.
