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Horace Mann
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"Jails and prisons are the complement of schools; so many less as you have of the latter, so many more must you have of the former." - Horace Mann 1838- Founded "The Common School Journal"
6 main principles Built Public schools and started "normal schools" to train professional teachers. -
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John Dewey
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"Education is not preparation for life, education is life itself."- John Dewey "The Child and the Curriculum" was written in 1902
In is he states that content should be presented in a way that allows the student to relate the information to prior experiences. Founder of "The New School." Proponent of hands on learning or experimental education. -
Magic Lantern
The magic lantern projected images that were printed on glass plates. Magic Lanterns were used in schools to demonstrate scientific principles and relay the latest news of world events. -
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John B. Watson
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Student of John Dewey Strongly sided w/tih nurture in the nature/nuture argument 1920- Little Albert expierment. -
Chalk Board
In the early 1800's students used individual slates, made of porcelain for writing their assignments. Then in the mid 1800's most schools had chalk boards. These first boards were made of black slate. -
Pencils
Mass production of paper and pencils in the late 1900's led to the gradual replacement of slates with this writing utensil. These pencils were round and made of cedar with square lead and had to be sharpened with a knife. -
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B.F. Skinner
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“Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.” - B.F. Skinner He believed that behaviors were dependent on what happened after the response and called it "operant behavior". -
Stereoscope
Pictures were off set and set side by side to view through the viewer. This gave the illusion of 3-D viewing. The Keystone Company was the first to market school version with educational pictures. -
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Benjamin Bloom
<img src="http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/images/2/28/Bloom.png" width="152" height="180" alt="Milford Sound in New Zealand" />
"...a student attains 'higher order thinking' when he no longer belives in right or wrong." - Benjamin Bloom -
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Jerome Bruner
<img src="http://www.animukerji.com/newfaculty201/images/bruner.jpg" width="219" height="233" />"Learners are encouraged to discover facts and relationships for themselves." - Jerome Bruner Very similar to Bloom. Believed that there is a learning hierachy. Proposed a spiral curriculum- each subject or skill area is revisited at intervals, at a more sophisticated level each time. 1960 "The Process of Education" -
Radio
The radio was used to broadcast lessons to schools. New York City schools was the first to broadcast these programs to students. -
Mimeograph
The mimeograph works by forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. Thomas Edison and A.B. Dick manufactured the first Edison Mimeograph system in 1887. It became popular beccause it was cheaper than traditional print because no skilled labor was needed. In the 1960's this was replaced by the photocopier. -
Headsets
Theorists believed that students learned language best throughdrills and repitition, so schools began to use headsets and audio tapes. -
Educational Television
More than 100 educational learders gathered at Penn State to challenge the FCC to allow educational television services. 242 television channels were reserved for educationial use following these FCC hearings. As the years progressed more people invested in educational television and programming and it started to successfully compete with commercial t.v. in some areas. -
Skinner Teaching Machine
The Skinner Teaching Machine was a mechanical device whose purpose was to administer a curriculum of programmed instruction. It housed a list of questions, and a mechanism through which the learner could respond to each question. Upon delivering a correct answer, the learner would be rewarded. -
Overhead Projector
The history of the overhead dates back to thge 1940's and were used by police for criminal profiles. However and engineer by the name of Roger Appledorn (who worked for 3M) started to solicit to schools in the 1960's. -
Scantron
Scantron Corporation produced scannable answer forms for schools and other educational institutions and manufactured an electronic scanner that read and graded the tests. -
Apple II
This computer followed its predecessor but was a mass produced micro-computer that was highly successful. It sold for $1298. Apple II Commertial This laid the groundwork for computers to be developed and designed for educational use. -
Hand held Graphing Calculator
Casioproduced the world's first graphics calculator in 1985. After Casio, Hewlett Packard followed shortly after. Texas Instruments has produced graphing calculators since 1990, the oldest of which was the TI-81. High school math teachers allow and even encourage their students to use graphing calculators in class. In some cases (especially in calculus courses) they are required. Some of them are banned in certain classes such as chemistry or physics due to their capacity to contain ful -
Interactive Whiteboard
The first interactive whiteboards were designed and manufactured for use in the office. They were developed by Xerox Parc around 1990. This board was used in small group meetings and round-tables. By the late 1990s, a number of improvements had been made on the design, including the addition of an eraser, colored markers and back-lighted projection. The target marketing also changed significantly towards those in the education profession. -
I Clicker
This is a cross-curricular tool that can help assess student progress, collect instant feedback, conduct test prep, differentiate instruction, address special needs, and make class fun and interactive. It has been adopted by thousands of faculty and used by more than 1 million students in less than two years! -
XO Laptop
The XO-1, previously known as the "$100 Laptop" or "Children's Machine", is an inexpensive laptop computer designed to be distributed to children in developing countries around the world to provide them with access to knowledge, and opportunities to "explore, experiment and express themselves". The laptop is manufactured by the Taiwanese computer company Quanta Computer. More than 1.8 million have been dispersed to countries between 2007 and 2010. -
iPad
They are to be used in class and at home during the school year to replace textbooks and to allow students to correspond with teachers and turn in papers and homework assignments, and preserve a record of student work in digital portfolios. Schools from California to New York have bought and are incorporating them into all aspects of the curriculum.
