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600 BCE
Writing to the Stones
According to the Bible, Moses used chiseled stone to convey the ten commandments in a form of writing, probably around the 7th century BC. Written forms of communication make analytic, lengthy chains of reasoning and argument much more accessible, reproducible without distortion, and thus more open to analysis and critique than the transient nature of speech. -
400 BCE
First Written Documents
Written documents existed in considerable numbers in ancient Greece. According to Socrates, education has been on a downward spiral ever since. -
1100
Usage of Slate Boards
Slate boards were started to use in India in the 12th century AD. -
1200
Invention of Papyrus
Scrolled manuscripts became common among monks. -
1453
Biggest Innovation
The printing of the Bible with moveable type by Gutenberg transformed the society. The invention of the printing press made written knowledge more freely available. As a result, more people in government and business were required to become literate and analytical, which led to a rapid expansion of formal education in Europe. In 1635, first public school named "Boston Latin School" in the USA was founded. -
Blackboards and Education
Blackboards/chalkboards became used in schools around the turn of the 18th century. -
Correspondence Education
Improvements in transport infrastructure in the 19th century, and in particular the creation of a cheap and reliable postal system in the 1840s, led to the development of the first formal correspondence education, with the University of London offering an external degree program by correspondence from 1858. In 1878, the first correspondence schools in the United States were founded, called The Society to Encourage Studies at Home. -
Broadcasting with BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) began broadcasting educational radio programs for schools. The first adult education radio broadcast from the BBC in 1924 was a talk on Insects in Relation to Man. -
Education in War
Before becoming a common classroom teaching tool, overhead projectors were used by the U.S. Army to train groups of servicemen during World War II. -
New Trend: Television
Television became used in education for schools and for general adult education (one of the six purposes in the current BBC’s Royal Charter is still ‘promoting education and learning’). In addition, The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) was established as a national information system in 1966. -
Establishment of the Open University
The British government established the Open University that worked with the BBC to develop university programs open to all. Government-sponsored distance education programs throughout the world have emulated the idea of the British Open University, which began with an enrollment of 40,000 in 1971 students from outside the boundaries of the UK. -
PLATO and New Developments
PLATO, a generalized computer assisted instruction system, was originally developed at the University of Illinois, and comprised several thousand terminals worldwide on a dozen different networked mainframe computers. In the late 1970s, Murray Turoff and Roxanne Hiltz at the New Jersey Institute of Technology were experimenting with blended learning, using NJIT’s internal computer network. -
Satellite Broadcasting
Satellite broadcasting started to become available. And also attempts to replicate the teaching process through artificial intelligence (AI) began in the mid-1980s, with a focus initially on teaching arithmetic. In 1983, India used its own satellite, INSAT, initially for delivering locally produced educational television programs throughout the country. -
Role of Internet and LMSs in Education
The cost of creation and distribution of videos reduced dramatically due to digital compression and high-speed Internet access. This resulted in the development of lecture capture systems. In 1991, The Word Wide Web (WWW) was officially launched. In 1995, the Web enabled the development of the first learning management systems (LMSs), such as WebCT (which later became Blackboard). In 1998, smartboards were also introduced to the society. -
MIT's Lectures
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) started to record lectures available to the public, free of charge, through its OpenCourseWare project. -
Meeting with Youtube
Youtube started. One year later in 2006, Google decided to buy Youtube. It is increasingly being used for short educational clips that can be downloaded and integrated into online courses. The Khan Academy started using YouTube for recorded voice-over lectures using a digital blackboard for equations and illustrations. -
A Connectivist Community MOOC
Web technology was used to create the first ‘connectivist’ Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), a community of practice that linked webinar presentations and/or blog posts by experts to participants’ blogs and tweets, with just over 2,000 enrollments. 4 years later, a lecture-capture based MOOC on artificial intelligence was launched, and since then MOOCs have expanded quickly around the world. -
References (1)
•https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/section-8-1-a-short-history-of-educational-technology/
•https://www.slideshare.net/TicsUmg/history-ofeducationaltechnologytimeline
•https://www.worldwidelearn.com/education-articles/history-of-distance-learning.html
•https://www.audiovisual-installations.com/surprising-history-overhead-projector-waybackwednesday/ -
References (2)
•Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J. D., & Smaldino, S. E. (2001). Instructional media and technologies for learning (7th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
•Image by freestocks.org from Pexels
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References (3)
•Image by Enygmatic-Halycon from Creative Cummons
•Image by OpenClipart-Vectors from Pixabay
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•Image by Tim Mossholder from Pexels
•Image by ulrichw from Pixabay
•Image by andreas160578 from Pixabay
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•Image by SeKimseng from Pixabay
Asya TÜRKÖZ 2-B
