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200,000 BCE
Oral Communication
One of the earliest means of formal education was verbal, but as time goes by, technology is increasingly used to support verbal communication. In ancient times, stories, folklore, stories, and news were conveyed through verbal communication. Therefore, accurate memorization was a very important skill. Even today, verbal communication still applies in many Native American cultures. -
1400 BCE
Written Communication
The role of texts and texts in education also has a long history. The invention of printing in Europe in the 15th century made written knowledge much more accessible. The growth of written documents as a result of printing has resulted in a rapid expansion of formal education in Europe. There were many reasons for the development of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, and reason and science over superstitions and beliefs in Europe, but printing technology was a key factor in change. -
Broadcasting and Video
The BBC began broadcasting educational radio programs for schools in the 1920s. Television was first used in education and general adult education in the 1960s. By the time lecture recording was introduced, the learning management system had built-in educational design features that required redesigning lessons for the LMS environment. As a result, oral communication is more powerful in today's education, but it is being incorporated and absorbed into new technologies. -
Computer Technologies
The development of programmed learning structures information tests the learner's knowledge. By giving feedback, questions are asked that are aimed at computerizing education. Attempts to recreate the educational process through AI began in the mid-1980s and the results were disappointing. Recently, the evolution of adaptive learning has been seen. Adaptive learning analyzes the learner's response and redirects to the most appropriate area of content based on performance. -
Computer Networking
The ARPAnet was the first network to use the Internet Protocol in 1982. In the late 1970s, New Jersey Institute of Technology experimented with blended learning using computer network. They combined classroom lessons with online discussion forums. The World Wide Web was officially introduced in 1991. The first web browser, Mosaic, became available in 1993. Before that, reading text and finding materials on the Internet was a time-consuming method. -
Online Learning Environments
In 1995, the Web-enabled the development of the first learning management systems such as WebCT. The first fully online course appeared in 1995, with some using LMS, PDF or slide. LMS has been the primary means of providing online learning until around 2008 when the lecture recording system was introduced. In 2012, two professors at Stanford University launched a lecture capture-based MOOC on artificial intelligence, attracting more than 100,000 students. -
Social Media
Social media covers a variety of technologies including blogs, wikis, YouTube videos, mobile devices such as phones and tablets, Twitter, Skype and Facebook. Social media is strongly associated with young people and many "millennials," or post-higher students. Social media has just begun to be integrated into formal education, and the main educational value to date has been informal education, such as promoting online community of practice and surrounding classroom education. -
A Paradigm Shift
There are some useful lessons to be learned from previous developments in the use of technology in education. In particular, many claims about new technologies are unlikely to be true or new. Even new technologies rarely completely replace old technologies. The impact of the Internet on education can be described as a paradigm shift, at least in terms of educational technology. -
References
Bates, T. (2019). Teaching in a Digital Age. BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/
Edutechwiki, (n.d.). Educational Technology. http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Educational_technology
Lakhana, A. (2014). What is Educational Technology? An Inquiry into the Meaning, Use, and Reciprocity of Technology. CJLT. file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/article_148503.pdf
Januszewski, A. (2001). Educational Technology: The Development of a Concept. Libraries Unlimited. Inc.