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Friedrich Miescher Isolates DNA
Friedrich found a protein rich in phosphorus, nuclein, when studying the chemistry of cells. -
Walter Flemming Observed Mitosis
Flemming was the first to observe and describe the process in which cells part and double during mitosis. -
Chromosome Theory of Hereditary
Walter Sutton observes the cell division process meiosis and discovered that the sperm and egg nuclei both have half sets of chromosomes. -
The World Gene Coined
Botanist Wilhem Johannsen discoverd the distinction between the phenotype and genotype traits. -
One Gene, One Enzyme Theory
George Beadle and Edward Tatum observed the mold Neurospora crassa and discovered that genes act through chemical events. -
Jumping Genes
Barbara McClintock observed genes and chromosomes and discovered that genes are able to jump around a chromosome. Before genes were known to have specific places on chromosomes. -
46 Human Chromosomes
NIH researcher, Joe Hin Tijo, discovers that there are exactly 46 human chromosomes. Before his discovery the exact number was thought to be 48. -
DNA Copying Enzyme
During an experiment, Arthur Kornberg. isolated DNA from an E.Coli bacteria and added a salt solution and discovered that the DNA strands were able to produce new strands. -
mRNA Ferries Info
mRNA was discovered tp be a molecule from DNA that makes cytoplasm in cells. -
Human DNA Sequence Begins
The National Human Genome Research Institute began testing new methods on sequencing the human DNA genome. -
First Restriction Enzyme Described
Restriction enzymes, found in bacteria, cut DNA into strands when they infect the DNA. -
First Animal Gene Cloned
Researchers from Standford placed DNA from a African frog into the cell of Bacterium E.Coli and the frog DNA was copied. -
DNA Sequencing
F. Sanger created a new and faster method of DNA sequencing. His method was attaching a marker at the end of every DNA chain much different form the radioactivity method used earlier. -
First Transgenic Mice and Fruit Flies
Scientists discovered a method on how to transfer new and foriegn DNA into animals, the first being mice and fruit flies. -
Polymerase Chain Reaction Invention
The polymerase chain reaction primarily speeds the process of genetic reasearch. PCR can make billions of copies of DNA in just a few hours. -
Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Research
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes are carriers of DNA. Researchers were trying to find a method on stabilizing them. -
FLAVR SAVR TOMATO
Genetically modified foods were deemed healthy and safe by the FDA. -
Yeast Genome Sequenced
The first complete DNA genome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, otherwise known as yeast was sequenced. -
E.Coli Genome Sequenced
The bacteria, E.Coli, which lives in the lower intestinal tract had its DNA genome sequenced. -
Chromosome 22
Chromosome 22 was created which had the power to clone DNA sequences. -
Working Draft
Researchers began searching for a method for the accelreation of DNA genome sequences on humans.