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First U.S. School Museum Opened
Media started to be used in education such as film, slides and photographs; the first school museum opened using instructional media in 1905 in St. Louis. Additional schools opened in other states, the information was viewed as supplementary material not to replace a teacher or textbook (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Visual Education Movement
Motion pictures began to be introduced in schools and projectors were being used as the first form of a media device. In 1910, for the first time in the United States a catalog of instructional film was created (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
AECT was Created
The visual instructional movement grew with an increased interest in instructional media due to advances in radio, broadcasting, sound recordings and sound motion pictures. The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) was created and became the leading organization in the field of Instructional Design and Technology (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
The Great Depression
Advances in Instructional Media in schools slowed down due to economic hardships during the Great Depression, but during this decade radio was receiving the most attention (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Behavioral Learning Theory
B.F. Skinner, a leader in behaviorism, studied how learning can be predicted based on observable events. Feedback and reinforcement is a critical component to his theories (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
The Military and World War II
Audiovisual device uses grew in the military but slowed in education; the military began creating training videos during the Second World War (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Progressive Education Movement
Early instructional theorist Ralph Tyler, provided an important foundation in the field of instructional design proposing that goals and objectives are needed to plan and evaluate educational programs (Richey, Klein & Tracey, 2010). -
Education Channels
In the 1950's, there was growth in instructional telelvision. In 1952 the government set aside television channels for educational purposes (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Instructional Television
Television became very popular in the Unites States, the Ford Foundation invested millions on educational television (Resier & Dempsey, 2012). -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Early instructional theorist, Benjamin Bloom published Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook 1, The Cognitive Domain, which will become a historic publication used to assist educators to assess and evaluate students (Eisner, 2000). -
Information Processing Theory
The cognitive information processing theory became the dominant paradigm in the 1960’s replacing behaviorism. According to Ertmer & Newby (2013) “Cognitive theories focus on the conceptualization of students’ learning processes and address the issues of how information is received, organized, stored, and retrieved by the mind.” (p. 53). -
First Definition Written for the ID Field
The first definition for the field of educational technology was published and approved. The definition focused on the steps required to design lessons using media. The definition was revised in the 1970s to reflect the changes in technology and the field of instructional design (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Carroll's Model
Early instructional theorist, John Carroll created a formula that the degree of learning is based on two variables: time actual spent as opposed to time required to learn (Richey, Klein & Tracey, 2010). -
Public Television
Growth slowed in the 1960's due to 3 major constant reasons: teachers were resistant to change, lack of funding and inadequate training for teachers, and production of Instructional television for education slowed down and there was more of a focus on public television (Resier & Dempsey, 2012). -
Cognitive Theory of Instruction
Early instructional theorist Jerome Bruner, based his theory on cognitive learning principles that included four main concepts: predisposition, structure, sequence and reinforcement (Richey, Klein & Tracey, 2010). -
Instructional Design Model
Computers have not found their way into education, but the military continues to use new types of media in training. The use of the Instructional design model grew in the government, graduate programs and businesses (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
ADDIE Model
The ADDIE Model becomes the instructional design model that is popular among business and organizations (Clark, 1995). ADDIE is an acronym for analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Dick & Carey ID Model
The Dick, Carey & Carey Model become the instructional design model that is popular in schools and education (Clark, 1995). The model is composed of ten steps based on a curvilinear design (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Personal Computers
Personal computers became more popular and instructional design interest remained popular in business and industry (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Constructivists View of Teaching
A movement based on the importance of on-the job performance had a major impact on the field of Instructional Design (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Minimal Use of Computer in Schools
Computers continued to be used for training in business and industry but still were having a minimal impact on instruction practices in schools (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Increase in Internet Use
Increase in popularity of the internet. Schools, military and businesses were using the internet as a way to present information for instructional purposes (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Instructional Technology Definition Revised
A new definition was published by the AECT in 2008; it was previously revised in 1994 to reflect the technological advances such as the microchip and internet. The field of instructional design changed greatly from when the definition was last revised in 1977 (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). -
Growth in Distant Learning
Higher education started using online learner resulting in new job opportunities in the instructional design field (Resier & Dempsey, 2012). -
Increase Use of Social Media
Informal learning continued to grow, due to an increase in sharing knowledge and skills using social media, the internet and mobile devices (Reiser & Dempset, 2012).
