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Throughout the pre-Columbian era, the Hidalgo region was predominantly under the influence of the city of Teotihuacán
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Toltec chief named Mixcóatl led his tribe into Hidalgo from the northwest. His son, Topiltzin, founded Tula in southern Hidalgo
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Topiltzin, an adherent of Quetzalcóatl, was expelled from the city
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The city encompassed some 13 square kilometers (five square miles) with around 60,000 inhabitants.
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Reloj Monumental built in 1904, is Pachuca's central clock tower. Its bell was crafted by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, the same company that made the Liberty Bell and London's Big Ben
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due to internal strife, and the survivors spread out to settle lands as far away as Yucatán.
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In 1156, the Otomí and Chichimeca Indians occupied Tula, calling it Namenhí(place of many people).
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They, in turn, fell to the Mexica and were incorporated into the Aztec Empire by Moctezuma Ilhuicamina in the 15th century.
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In his quest to conquer the Aztec empire, the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés entered Hidalgo in 1520.
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destroyed the nearby Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, establishing Spanish authority in the region
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Rich silver deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Pachuca and Real del Monte, spurring a new wave of Spanish settlement.
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the Spanish crown abolished the encomienda system, confirming the decision with additional decrees in 1720 and 1721
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The many rich mines around Pachuca made it the center of activity during Hidalgo’s colonial period, and much later it would become the state’s capital.
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In 1810, he raised an army of more than six thousand men and led them to several victories. Although Father Hidalgo was later captured and executed by royal troops
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In 1861 President Benito Juárez suspended payments on Mexico’s foreign debts; the French responded by invading the country the following year
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After the French were finally expelled and the Mexican Republic restored, Hidalgo became a separate state in 1869, taking its name from the hero of Mexican independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. -
in 1910 the Mexican Revolution broke out under the leadership of Francisco I. Madero. -
Madero’s followers occupied Pachuca, Hidalgo’s capital, and engaged Díaz’s troops in battles throughout the state -
In 1917 a new federal constitution put political and economic restrictions on the Roman Catholic Church in response to claims that the church had abused its power. -
Conflict between the government and the church seethed during the 1920s and eventually erupted into a struggle known as the Cristero War.