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Period: to
Systematic Training
Training profession developed as new workers entered workforce replacing those off to war. -
World War II begins
-
Trial and Error
Training was trial and error. -
Job Instructor Training (JIT)
National Defense Advisory Commission developed JIT. This on-the-job training for supervisors allowed them to train employees. JIT involved four steps: 1) Prepare
2) Present
3) Demonstrate
4) Follow-up -
Training Society
Development of training society discussed. -
American Society for Training Directors
American Society of Training Directors developed. -
Theory of Human Motivation
Theory of Human Motivation published by Abraham Maslow, theorized need for hierarchy in training. -
Research Center for Group Dynamics
Kurt Lewin, known as the father of organizational development, launches the Research Center for Group Dynamics. -
World War II ends
World War II ends. -
Formal training begins
Vocational schools began, which is where young adults could go to learn various trades. Vocational and trade schools are alternatives to colleges and universities. -
Period: to
Human Relations Training
Move from systematic training to individual training. -
Period: to
Instructional System Design (ISD)
Popularized in 1950s - 1960s as technology development paralleled systems approach processes in both military and indstrial environments. -
The Psychology of Learning
Edwin Guthrie publishes the Psychology of Learning, which -
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner publishes Science and Human Behavior. -
Cognitive Science
Cognition was premier view of learning. -
Human Relations Training
-
Evaluating Training
Donald Kirkpatrick introduces Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model. Model consists of four parts:- Reaction
- Learning
- Behavior
- Results
-
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Benjamin Bloom publishes Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, explains the cognitive aspect of learning. Bloom's Taxonomy attempts to categorizes educational goals. -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom's taxonomy demonstrated importance of establishing training objectives. -
Organizational Development
Values-based approach to systems change in organizations and communities for improved business results. -
Period: to
Computer-based Training
Individual instruction with aid of machines -
Objectives for Programmed Instruction
Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction authored by Robert Mager. -
American Society for Training and Development (ASTD)
American Society for Training Directors changed name to American Society for Training and Development. -
Model of Cognitive Development
Model of cognitive development created by Jean Piaget. Model consists of tour parts:- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operation
- Formal Operation
-
Teaching Machines
Delivery of programmed instruction marking the beginning of computer based training. -
The Case Method
The case method became popular training method. -
One Size Fits All
Mass amount of information disseminated to large audiences all at once. -
Period: to
Sociotechnical Systems Theory and Sensitivity Training
"The sociotechnical systems (STS) approach is devoted to the effective blending of both the technical and social systems of an organization" (SAGE, 2016). -
Adult Learning Theory
Malcolm Knowles coined the term andragogy, which means teaching adult learners. -
Principles of Instructional Design
Gagne and Briggs introduced principles of instructional design. -
Period: to
Training Budgets
Production slowed in the U.S. leaving organizations time to focus on training budgets. -
Trainer Competencies
Training and development became a part of Human Resources. -
Laptops
Laptops became available and this new technology was integrated into classrooms. -
Learning Enterprise
Peter Senge introduced learning enterprises. -
Computer-based Training (CBT)
CBT is alternative to Instructor-led Training (ILT). It allows for rapid learning. -
Period: to
E-learning
E-learning, computer-based/web-based training, and online learning introduced as an alternative to traditional learning. -
Performance Support
Technology provided performance support in the workplace. -
Advancements in Training
Companies emphasized importance of training. CBT rose. Online training explored. -
E-learning
Organizations incorporated e-learning to training programs. Online degrees offered at higher education institutes. -
Period: to
Behaviorism
Since behavior is the sum of actions and reactions to various stimuli, behavioristic principles are primary focus in instructional design. -
Social Learning
Social media tools like Facebook, You Tube, and Twitter are platforms for social learning. These tools of communication bridge the gap due to factors like demographics. People are now able to receive the same message at the same time around the world, provide instant feedback, and collaborate collectively to accomplish goals and objectives. And the main goal and objective is to learn. -
Organizational Design
Eric Trist, from London's Tavistock Institute of Human relations, led research in the development of the Sociotechnical Systems Theory.
