Evolution of Criminology

Dr. Erick Gómez Tagle López

2017 BCE

Criminology is defined as: "The science responsible for the comprehensive study of behaviors classified as crimes, those who commit them, those who suffer from them, their interaction, their causes, the mechanisms of control, and the legal and social reactions they provoke. It draws on other areas of knowledge, seeking to describe, classify, explain, and reduce antisocial behaviors, both generally and in specific cases through clinical criminology."

Definition of criminology

1990 BCE

Criminology is considered a completely empirical science, but above all interdisciplinary, which deals with the study of crime, the personality of the offender, the victim and the social control of criminal behavior.

Criminology

1958 BCE

Criminology was the science that studies the real elements of crime: the behavior of the offender.

Published Books

1950 BCE

After the Congress in Paris, books with the following characteristics proliferated in these countries. In Latin America we can mention: LUIS CARLOS PEREZ, HUARCAR CAJI, JOSE INGENIEROS, and finally the Venezuelan JOSE RAFAEL MENDOZA.

César Cantú

1945 BCE

CESAR CANTU On crimes and punishments.

Durkheim

1917 BCE

Durkheim "There has never been a society in space or time that has not committed crime."

Rafael Garófalo

1883 BCE

Italian jurist and criminologist. He edited his first book, "Criminology," in which he defines it as: "The general science of criminality and punishment."

Pablo Topinard

1883 BCE

French physician and anthropologist. He used the term "criminology" for the first time, referring to the science that studies crime.

Darwin

1882 BCE

Darwin considered that aggression, laziness, maladjustment, and unsociability are characteristic features of brain malformations.

Franz Joseph Gall

1882 BCE

GALL is considered the true founder of criminal anthropology, with his main work called Les fonctions du cerveau (The functions of the brain).

"The Criminal Man"

1876 BCE

Lombroso's main work, "The Criminal Man," is published.

Cesare Lombroso

1875 BCE

Italian doctor and criminologist, representative of criminological positivism. "Homo criminalis" theory - states that human evolution and the way in which man changed were the keys to studying criminal acts. "Born criminal" theory - genetic characteristics (physical and biological) were closely linked to the causes of criminality, concluding that criminals are born predisposed to be criminals

The Journal of Mental

1870 BCE

Is published in the Journal of Mental Science The results of his observations of more than 5,000 prisoners.

Paul Bronca

1869 BCE

BROCA conducted research on 464 skulls of criminals, which were carried out by WILSON, and the Scottish prison doctor THOMSOM

Bénédict Morel

1860 BCE

With his own research, he also made reflections like those of LOMBROSO, driven by a strong political-criminal intention.

August Comte

1857 BCE

August Comte takes patterns from the natural sciences and attempts to transfer them to criminal law.

Criminological Positivism

1850 BCE

A school of criminology that proposes punishing offenders by studying the characteristics of their crime and the manner in which it was committed, and then seeking a legal punishment tailored to each case, rather than punishing acts or crimes in a general way.

Esquirol

1840 BCE

Esquirol investigated schizophrenia and discovered the principles of hallucination

Jeremias Benthan

1777 BCE

JEREMIAS BENTHAN proposed reforms to the English legal and penal system, HOWAR with his work States of Prisons in England and Wales promoted reform movements.

Lavater

1775 BCE

Lavater, Attempts to involve man with criminology and physiognomy.

Charles de Secondat

1755 BCE

Charles De Secondart
Let us examine the causes of the corruption of morals and we will see that they are due more to impunity than to the moderation of penalties.

Tomás Moro

1535 BCE

Thomas More "War, idleness, and errors in education all contribute to the increase in crime.

Tomás de Aquino

1274 BCE

Thomas Aquinas
Misery breeds rebellion and crime.

First Autopsy

1249 BCE

The oath is taken by H. v. LUCCA in Bologna for the drafting of legal medical reports and B. of VARIGNANA who performed the first autopsy of a poisoning

Socrates

399 BCE

Socrates "Justice, among other virtues, is nothing more than wisdom.

Hiprocrático

377 BCE

Hippocratic: "If diseases came from the gods, the sickest would be the poor, because lacking means they cannot make offerings; on the contrary, the rich are those who fall ill most frequently."

Platón

347 BCE

Plato comes up with the principle of penology, prevention by means of punishment.

Isocrates

338 BCE

Isocrates, precedes the figure of concealment when he points out that "To conceal a crime is to take part in it."

Aristoteles

322 BCE

Aristotle agrees with Plato that poverty is a factor that influences crime.