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Friedrich Miescher
He isolated nuclein, DNA with associated proteins, from cell nuclei. Then discovered that DNA is composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and phosphorus. He first used pus from the bandages of infections, but then switched to salmon sperm for better results. -
Frederick Griffith
He injected both S, and R strains into mice. The ones that were injected with R lived, but S died. He then heat killed the bacteria and the opposite happened. He then combined the ones that lived and then the mice died. -
Paul Berg
Spliced a gene from a bacterial virus into the DNA of a completely different virus. This was the first rDNA. They were scared of what would happen if the rDNA got out of the lab, so they stopped doing the experiments. -
Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarthy, and Colin McCeod
They found that DNA can transform the properties of cells. DNA carrys the hereditary info, proteins do not. -
Erwin Chargaff
He used Xray diffraction to prove his theory. His theory was that adenine makeup is the same amount as the thymine. And the same for guanine and cytosine. -
Linus Pauling
He studied x-ray crystallography. He reduced defration in the images. His biggest acheivment was when he discoveder the hydrogen bond that formed between each amino acid. -
Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase
They used P and S which are both (radioisotopes) and mixed them together with pellets after they did this the P was inside the cell and S was on the outside of the cell. In the end of the DNA was injected into the last cells to make genetic material. -
Rasalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
First to discover the double helix bond. They took photo 51. They worked together on finding out the shape of DNA. She wasnt credited in thier work until after she died. -
James Watson and Frances Crick
They were the first to determine the correct structure of DNA. They used Photo 51 to do this. They concluded that DNA is a double helix polymer. Within each strand, there are long chains of nucleotides. -
Babara McClintock
She began her work on mice chromosomes where she described the exchange of genetic materials between certain chromosomes. She was the first woman to win the nobel prize. -
Frederick Sanger
He created the rapid DNA sequencing technique to find the order of bases in strands of DNA. Enzymes are added to the synthesizing of DNA, they end when a base is inserted to the DNA, is synthesized. He was the first person to win the nobel prize twice. -
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
Proved the semi-conservative model which is that each daughter
DNA molecule contains a daughter sub unit conserved from the parent. Provided the base for hereditary research becuase it shows how to separtate the parent DNA strands of daughters. -
Kary Mullins
He invented the polymerase chain reaction which multiplies a single DNA stand billions of times in hours. PCR provides a basically unlimited supply of DNA for scientists to experiment or analyze. -
J. Craig Venter
He developed a way to find genes, and with this he went on to build a human genome.
