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John Dewey published "The School and Society"
John Dewey, an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer changed the approached to teaching and learning in his book "The School and Society" in 1899. This will eventually become a favorite read by progressive educators. -
First Catalog of Instructional Films
The first educational film catalog in the U.S. was the "Catalogue of Educational Motion Pictures" published by George Kleine in New York. -
"Books Will be Obsolete"
Thomas Edison proclaimed in 1913 that "Books will soon be obsolete in schools... it is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture." -
The Progressive Movement
The Progressive Movement focused on industrial training, agricultural and social education, and educational theorists new instructional techniques. -
Ralph Tyler's Objective Model
Tyler in 1927 helped faculty at Ohio State University improve their teaching and increase student retention. He is credited with the term evaluation for associating measurement and testing with learning objectives. -
Origin of AECT
The National Professional Organization for Visual Instruction was established. It eventually evolved into the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT). -
World War II
Sparked by Adolf Hitler's invasion of Poland, the Second World War spanned 6 years and ended with the final allied defeat of both Nazi Germany and Japan. It was during this time between 1941 and 1945 that training was greatly needed and instructional technology was born. -
WWII Military Training
During this time, the needs for training the military at a mastery level was at an all time high. The Division of Visual Aids for War Training within the U.S. Office of Education produced hundreds of motion pictures, silent filmstrips and instructors' manuals. -
Birth of Instructional Technologist
James Finn helps to start the field of Instructional Technology. The need for subject-matter and technical experts increased as well as a professional educator that could contribute to the curriculum. -
Bloom's Taxonomy Gains Roots
Benjamin Bloom and others colleagues collaborate and arrange categories to build a framework for setting educational goals. The original taxonomy was 6 main categories: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation. -
Programmed Instruction Movement
Developed by B.F. Skinner in the 1950s, it was an educational approach were it was self-paced and self-learning where students got immediate feedback and learning was successful through reinforcement. -
Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model
Donald Kirkpatrick defined four levels of evaluation to improve the process of evaluating training programs. The four levels are: Reaction, Learning, Behavior and Results. -
Concept of Instructional Design Introduced
The term instructional system or design was named by Robert Glaser in 1962 which includes five components: Instructional Goals, Entering Behavior, Instructional Procedures, Performance Assessments
Research and Development Logistics. -
Partnering with IBM
Stanford University's Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences partners with IBM to develop computer-based lessons to improve students' learning of reading and math. -
Interest Dwindles as Technology Stalls
The Ford Foundation, although was a big supporter for instructional television in classrooms, shifts its focus on public television which stops funding for in-school applications. As a result, school districts discontinued the use of instructional television for a short time. -
The Conditions of Learning
Robert Gagne published The Conditions of Learning to explain the different types or levels of learning. The idea is that each different type requires different types of instruction. Gagne claims that learning is a series of steps according to complexity. -
First Modern LMS in UK
First Class by Soft Arc called Open University is thought of as the first modern learning management system that was used across Europe. The OU was established in 1969 and the first students enrolled in January 1971 -
ADDIE Model Emerges
The U.S. Military implemented a 5-phase course development process for developing training and instructional materials. The 5 phases are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. -
The First LMS in U.S.
PLATO is considered the first learning management system licensed by Control Data Corporation. -
The First Apple Computer
Apple Computer Company released the first desktop computer, Apple I. Designed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the computer was actually a kit that consumers put together themselves and built its own case. -
A New Era Emerges
A committee of AECT worked to present a new definition of educational technology. The new definition was all inclusive to the learners, materials, and tools used instead of just the use of technology. -
Computers in the Classroom
Computers were being used in more than 40% of all elementary schools and more than 75% of all secondary schools in the U.S. (Center for Social Organization of Schools) -
World Wide Web is Born
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, released the World Wide Web. The WWW was based on three technologies that remain the base of the internet today: HTML, URL and HTTP. -
Technology Gains Momentum
Technology begins to advance rapidly and leads to the use of instructional technology not only in schools, but for training purposes in the professional business world. -
Blackboard Learn is Born
Blackboard Learn was introduced as a virtual learning environment and course management system that was adaptable to a wider institutional application, such as universities. It is currently the leading provider in the market.
