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The Supreme Court Decision of Plessy v. Ferguson
upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine -
The Tuskegee Airmen
Located at The European Theater of World War ll. They were the first African American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces during World War ll -
The Integration of Major League Baseball
it symbolized a major step towards racial equality -
The Integration of the Armed Forces
it served as a major federal action against racial segregation, setting a precedent for broader civil rights changes across society, demonstrating that the government was committed to racial equality, and significantly impacted the way Black Americans were viewed. -
The Supreme Court Decision of Sweatt v. Painter
demonstrating that the "separate but equal" doctrine in education was inherently unequal, effectively weakening the foundation of segregation in schools -
The Supreme Court Decision of Brown v. Board of Education
effectively overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in "Plessy v. Ferguson," ruling that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional -
The Death of Emmit Till
his brutal murder, which was widely publicized due to his mother's decision to have an open-casket funeral, exposed the horrific realities of racial violence in the American South, galvanizing African Americans across the country and sparking outrage around the world, thus pushing the Civil Rights movement further into the public consciousness -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama -
The Integration of Little Rock High School
the media coined the name “Little Rock Nine" to identify the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School -
The Civil Rights Act of 1957
it marked the first federal law addressing civil rights since Reconstruction, establishing the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and a Civil Rights Division within the Justice Department, thus signifying a growing federal commitment to protecting voting rights for African Americans -
The Greensboro Four Lunch Counter Sit-in
helped lead to desegregation in public accommodations as mandated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
The Freedom Rides by Freedom Riders of 1961
they were a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement, drawing national attention to the brutal realities of segregation in the South by intentionally violating segregation laws on interstate buses, ultimately pressuring the federal government to enforce desegregation on interstate travel through the Interstate Commerce Commission and significantly advancing the cause of civil rights. -
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment
effectively outlawed the use of poll taxes as a requirement to vote in federal elections -
The Integration of The University of Mississippi
it marked a significant step forward in the Civil Rights Movement, demonstrating the federal government's commitment to desegregation and highlighting the violent resistance to racial integration in the Deep South, -
The Integration of the University of Alabama
it marked a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement, showcasing the federal government's commitment to desegregation by forcefully confronting a state governor who actively resisted integration, thereby symbolically breaking down racial barriers in the South and paving the way for broader social change -
The March on Washington & "I Have a Dream" Speech by MLK
they brought a massive, nonviolent demonstration to the nation's capital, powerfully advocating for civil rights and racial equality -
The Assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas
it propelled President Lyndon B. Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, to aggressively push for and successfully pass landmark civil rights legislation, like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which he framed as fulfilling Kennedy's legacy and honoring his commitment to racial equality -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed by President Johnson
prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal -
The Assassination of Malcolm X
Thomas Hagan was responsible for the murder of Malcolm X, Malcom X was the development of Black nationalist ideology and the Black Power movement -
The Selma to Montgomery March: "Bloody Sunday"
drew widespread public attention to the ongoing struggle for voting rights for African Americans, ultimately galvanizing national support and leading to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act is a landmark federal law enacted in 1965 to remove race-based restrictions on voting. It is perhaps the country's most important voting rights law, with a history that dates to the Civil War. -
The Assassination MLK in Memphis, Tennessee
major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property -
The Voting Rights Act of 1968
it aimed to further dismantle racial barriers to voting by explicitly prohibiting discriminatory practices like literacy tests and poll taxes