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1500 BCE
The middle ages ended.
The end of the Middle Ages came about because of the black plague, the development of the printing press and the decline of the Catholic church -
1258 BCE
Mongols besiege Baghdad
Under the command of Halagu Khan, the Mongols invade Baghdad with the intention of extending their rule further into Mesopotamia. After capturing the city, they kill al-Musta'sim, the final Abbasid Caliph, and destroy much of the grand libraries of Abassids, including the House of Wisdom. This is considered the traditional end of the Islamic Golden Age -
1025 BCE
Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Sina publishes his work
Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Sina is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Medicine." His primary works are The Book of Healing, which is a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, which is an overview of all aspects of medicinal knowledge. -
900 BCE
Muhammad ibn Zkariya al-Razi publishes his work
Al-Razi is an important academic, particularly in the field of medicine. He discovers alcohol and sulfuric acid, and writes about how to diagnose and treat smallpox -
855 BCE
Hunayn ibn Ishaq publishes his work
Hunayna ibn Ishaq becomes one of the masters of the Translation Movement -
850 BCE
Thabit ibn Qurra publishes his work
Due to the patronage of famous scholars the Sons of Moses, Thabit ibn Qurra publishes many famous works. He translates Nicomachus of Gerasa's Arithmetic and makes important discoveries in algebra and geometry -
830 BCE
Algebra is invented
Muhammad bin Musa al-Kwarizmi publishes The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, which forms the basis for algebra -
786 BCE
The House of Wisdom is founded
Harun al-Rashid, the fifth Abbasid Caliphate, begins the original House of Wisdom in Baghdad by collecting large amounts of works. This begins the Translation Movement -
786 BCE
One Thousand and One Nights is consolidated
The famous story One Thousand and One Nights, in which a woman tells an enraged sultan stories until he finally changes his ways, is gathered up from earlier versions. -
762 BCE
Baghdad is built
Baghdad is founded by the Abbasids at the heart of their empire. Built on the banks of the Tigris River, Baghdad becomes the largest city on Earth at the time and serves as a center for trade between Africa and Asia. -
751 BCE
Contact with the Tang Dynasty introduces paper.
The Abbasid Caliphate's forces clash against those of the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control over the strategically valuable Syr Darya region. -
750 BCE
The Abbasid Caliphate begins.
The Abbasid Caliphate begins, standing as a rival to the Umayyads. The Abbasids become known for being more inclusive towards non-Arab Muslims. -
662 BCE
The Bayt al-Hikma is founded in Syria
Thanks to classical centers of learning in the region, such as the renowned hospital and medical academy at Jundishapur and the famed Library of Alexandria, the Umayyads discover a wealth of knowledge -
661 BCE
The Umayyad Caliphate begins.
Ali, the final Rashidun Caliph, is assassinated and power transfers to his rival, Mu'awiya, who founds the Umayyad Caliphate -
632 BCE
The Rashidun Caliphate begins
Muhammad dies, and control passes to the caliphs, the successors of Muhammad. -
622 BCE
Muhammad undertakes the Hijra
The Prophet Muhammad undertakes the Hijra, his pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina -
500 BCE
The Middle ages Begin
When the middle ages began when the Roman empire fell.