Arab, Asian, Europa, Middle ages

The middle ages ended.

1500 BCE

The end of the Middle Ages came about because of the black plague, the development of the printing press and the decline of the Catholic church

Mongols besiege Baghdad

1258 BCE

Under the command of Halagu Khan, the Mongols invade Baghdad with the intention of extending their rule further into Mesopotamia. After capturing the city, they kill al-Musta'sim, the final Abbasid Caliph, and destroy much of the grand libraries of Abassids, including the House of Wisdom. This is considered the traditional end of the Islamic Golden Age

Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Sina publishes his work

1025 BCE

Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Sina is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Medicine." His primary works are The Book of Healing, which is a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, which is an overview of all aspects of medicinal knowledge.

Muhammad ibn Zkariya al-Razi publishes his work

900 BCE

Al-Razi is an important academic, particularly in the field of medicine. He discovers alcohol and sulfuric acid, and writes about how to diagnose and treat smallpox

Hunayn ibn Ishaq publishes his work

855 BCE

Hunayna ibn Ishaq becomes one of the masters of the Translation Movement

Thabit ibn Qurra publishes his work

850 BCE

Due to the patronage of famous scholars the Sons of Moses, Thabit ibn Qurra publishes many famous works. He translates Nicomachus of Gerasa's Arithmetic and makes important discoveries in algebra and geometry

Algebra is invented

830 BCE

Muhammad bin Musa al-Kwarizmi publishes The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, which forms the basis for algebra

The House of Wisdom is founded

786 BCE

Harun al-Rashid, the fifth Abbasid Caliphate, begins the original House of Wisdom in Baghdad by collecting large amounts of works. This begins the Translation Movement

One Thousand and One Nights is consolidated

786 BCE

The famous story One Thousand and One Nights, in which a woman tells an enraged sultan stories until he finally changes his ways, is gathered up from earlier versions.

Baghdad is built

762 BCE

Baghdad is founded by the Abbasids at the heart of their empire. Built on the banks of the Tigris River, Baghdad becomes the largest city on Earth at the time and serves as a center for trade between Africa and Asia.

Contact with the Tang Dynasty introduces paper.

751 BCE

The Abbasid Caliphate's forces clash against those of the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control over the strategically valuable Syr Darya region.

The Abbasid Caliphate begins.

750 BCE

The Abbasid Caliphate begins, standing as a rival to the Umayyads. The Abbasids become known for being more inclusive towards non-Arab Muslims.

The Bayt al-Hikma is founded in Syria

662 BCE

Thanks to classical centers of learning in the region, such as the renowned hospital and medical academy at Jundishapur and the famed Library of Alexandria, the Umayyads discover a wealth of knowledge

The Umayyad Caliphate begins.

661 BCE

Ali, the final Rashidun Caliph, is assassinated and power transfers to his rival, Mu'awiya, who founds the Umayyad Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate begins

632 BCE

Muhammad dies, and control passes to the caliphs, the successors of Muhammad.

Muhammad undertakes the Hijra

622 BCE

The Prophet Muhammad undertakes the Hijra, his pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina

The Middle ages Begin

500 BCE

When the middle ages began when the Roman empire fell.