Apartheid and Mandela

  • Indian National Congress

    Indian National Congress
    Founded in 1885, its main goal was to unite Indians and seek independence from irrational ideas of others. It was one of the early times of boycotting and stopping things of other colonies like the British.
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    Pan Africanism

    One of the first times in Africa and their view of the racial discrimination they faced from the colonies of country's in Europe. The start of the undoing of slavery and racial segregation in colonies like Kenya and South Africa.
  • Land Act of 1913

    Land Act of 1913
    This law restricted the access of land and buying property to Africans in 1913 to just 7% of the land with around 75% of the population. It was amended later to 13% but was still a huge unjust law/discrimination against the South African people.
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    Salt March

    The Salt March was a act of civil disobedience in India against the British by the high tax on the salt. Gandhi and these people were one of the first protests against country's with colonies and the step towards decolonization.
  • Kenya Africa Union

    Kenya Africa Union
    The Union was not only trying to stop the racist ideas of the British in their own country but stop it all across the continent. They wanted to unite Africa and help all those discriminated against.
  • Apartheid Acts

    Apartheid Acts
    Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act
    Immortality Amendment Act
    Population Registration Act
    Group Areas Act
    These all limited the rights/property of the native African population.
  • Reference/Pass Books

    Reference/Pass Books
    South Africans were required by law to carry around these reference books like a drivers license. However, these books were used to tell of the persons personal information and job history to restrict them rights/employment.
  • Mandela's Campaign

    Mandela's Campaign
    He helped lead ANC's 1952 Campaign for Defiance of Unjust Laws through boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience.
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    Cuban Revolution

    The overthrow was led by Fidel Castro in attempt to get rid of the current unjust government. The success in replacing him however was not followed with a great amount of success with Castro.
  • Bantu Self-Government Act

    Bantu Self-Government Act
    Abolished indirect representation of blacks in Pretoria and South Africa splitting them into ten ethnically discrete groups so they could govern and take over South Africa themselves.
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    South African Relocation

    Around 3.5 million colored South Africans were removed from towns and communities owned by the British in the mandated residential segregation period.
  • Nelson Mandela Armed Resistance Movement

    Nelson Mandela Armed Resistance Movement
    He led an armed resistance called MK, a new armed wing of ANC fought for the rights through peace. However, they turned to violent times as peace talks did not work with the British and fought for their freedom.
  • Assassination of Patrice Lumumba

    Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
    Lumumba was going against the racist ideology of the colony before and improving the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The U.S and Belgium were both seen to be involved in his murder as they both wanted the materials in the country and so they hired assassins for his death.
  • Evian Accords

    Evian Accords
    The treaty was signed to end the fighting between France and Algeria to end the Algerian War. Fire was ceased and Algeria was seen as its own independent nation.
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    White Revolution

    Modernization of Iran and reforms of land back to farmers. It distributed this wealth to landowning classes and led to rapid urbanization and Westernization.
  • Bantu Homeland Citizenship Act

    Bantu Homeland Citizenship Act
    Limited these South Africans to just four homelands instead of the whole of South Africa in which eight million Africans lost their South African citizenship.
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    Khmer Rouge

    This brutal group wanted the self-determination to be able to run Cambodia and make their own ideologies. However, their methods of torture, starvation, and execution let them to be out of power quickly even though backed by the U.S.
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    Ayatollah Khomeini

    He believed in the idea of government and having their own way/laws for life with their god. He took power after White Revolution and around the Iranian Revolution.
  • Land Agreement

    Land Agreement
    Land in South Africa was restored to its rightful owners and certain communities were finally able to return to their ancestral land.
  • Nelson Mandela Presidency

    Nelson Mandela Presidency
    Mandela was sworn in as President of South Africa and the British rule of discrimination and racism was over for the colored people of South Africa as they could try to return to their normal lives.