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The Anaconda Plan
Plan to block Southern ports. It was a passive way to end the war as it didn't target men, it targeted their supplies. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
It was the first battle of the Civil War. It was an attack on one of the last two remaining Union forts on the Confederate side. Though Lincoln did not attempt to arm the fort with more men, the South decided to attack anyways. -
First Battle of Bullrun
First major battle of the war. It was located in Prince William County, Virginia. Lincoln wanted a swift end to the war. The south won this battle. -
Second Battle of Bull Run
It ended August 30, 1862. It was located in Prince William County, Virginia. The south won again. Significant tactical victory for the Confederacy. Closest the south will get to the north. -
Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest single day American battle in history. At Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland. This was the first time Lee launched a battle in Union soil. 26,000 casualties, 4,000 of them died. President Lincoln later fired General McClellan. -
Battle of Fredericksburg
Major Confederate win. Confederate side had half of the Union's losses. The Confederate counterattack was stronger than the Union's attack. It ended December 15, 1862. -
Battle of Chancellorsville
It ended May 6, 1863. The Union tried to make a surprise attack on the South but failed. It helped General Robert E. Lee win other battles as the U -
Battle of Vicksburg
Part of the Anaconda Plan. It was the last battle in the Campaign of Vickburg. The Union won. The battle ended July 4. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Most important engagement of the American Civil War. It was in Pennysylvania. Turned the Civil War into Union favor. It ended in July 3, 1863. -
Battle of Petersburg
It consisted of trench warfare. It had the largest concentration of African Americans in the war. They wanted to cut off Southern supply lines and it worked. It ended March 25, 1865. It was the last part of the Anaconda plan. -
Battle of Atlanta
The Union led an attack on the south. The south outnumbered the Union and also launched a surprise attack on them, killing one of their generals. The south launched 4 offensives total and failed all of them. It ended in Union victory. -
Sherman's March to the Sea
It ended December 21, 1864. It was a march from Atlanta to Savannah, GA, burning every crop or livestock along the way. -
Appomattox Court House
Confederate army surrendered to the Union army. The Union outnumbered the Confederacy. General Stand Watie surrendered the last major Confederate force June 23, 1865. -
Bicameral Legislature
What- Bicameral Legislature is defined as having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. The relationship between these two are equal. An example is the United States government.
Who- The house of representatives and the senate, they both have an equal number of members to share the power.
Why- This is important, because without separation and equality of power we have a monarchy. -
Articles of Confederation
What- The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It was ratified on March 1, 1781.
Who- The US government let the states remain independent, it was made out of fear.
Why- This is important, because this was the center-stone to the real constitution that we use today. -
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
What- This was laws enacted about the east of the Mississippi river being settled and become states under certain conditions.
Who- Thomas Jefferson came up with the basis of this ordinance.
Why- This was important because it accelerated westward movement of American settlers. -
Shays' Rebellion
What- This was the name given to protests between 1786 and 1787 against the state and local enforcements about taxation.
Who- American Farmers
Why- This is important because it caused major debates in the changing of the Articles of Confederation and the new constitution. -
Great Compromise
What- This compromise created a dual system for the US government.
Who- Two hundred US senators and representatives.
Why- This was important because it started the equality of power throughout the US government. -
The Federalist
What- This is 85 essays outlining the new US government and why it was chosen.
Who- This was written by three men, Madison, Hamilton and Jay.
Why- This is important, because these essays explained to everyone why a dual government is the best option for the United States and how we’re going to run it. -
Popular Sovereignty
What- Popular Sovereignty was the political doctrine that people who lived in a certain region had the right to choose their government.
Who- This was popularized by Stephen A. Douglas in 1854.
Why- This was important, but also was invoked in years before. -
Limited Government
What- This is a political system in which the power was limited and spread out so every man would have a word.
Who- The US government and the people.
Why- This was important to protect private property and preserve individual liberty. -
Seperation of powers
What- This is the equal separation of the power in the legislative government.
Who- The US Senate and House of Representatives.
Why- This is important because the president having all the power would be a monarchy, having it split into more branches causes a more popular vote. -
Checks and balances
What- This is a political system in which the power is separated into three branches so no branch becomes too powerful.
Who- The House of Representatives, the Senators and the President. -
Cabinet
What- made up of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments.
Who- It is mostly senior officers including the vice president.
Why- The cabinet is important because they help the president out with operations and assist the national government. -
Alexander Hamilton
What- United States first secretary of treasury, major author in the Federalist paper.
Who- Political Scientist, Government Official, Journalist, Military Leader,Economist, Lawyer.
Why- He is important because he convinced the New Yorkers to ratify the constitution. -
Tariff
What- A tariff is a tax on imports or exports.
Who- Alexander Hamilton urged to raise tariffs to promote industrialization.
Why- This is important because without tariffs the new world and new government would be broke. -
Loose Construction
What- A broad interpretation of a statue or document in court.
Who- John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison wrote the Federalist which is considered a loose construction.
Why- This is important because without these documents there is no freedom. -
Strict Construction
What- A legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits judicial interpretation.
Who- Thomas Jefferson was a firm believer in strict construction.
Why- This was important because it was proper and safe. -
Whiskey Rebellion
What- Rebellion on tax upon alcohol distilled in the US.
Who- George Washington and Alexander Hamilton came up and passed this law together.
Why- This is important because the Americans showed their concerns and got the tax removed. -
John Jay
What- Member of the New York Committee of Correspondents, helped write the Federalist, President of Continental Congress.
Who- He drafted the Constitution.
Why- He is important because he made a huge contribution to the Constitution and the Federalist. -
Alien and Seditoin Acts
What- Four bills that were passed by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798.
Who- John Adams put these into place.
Why- These were important because it was the result of the Quasi-war. -
Maubury v Madison
What- Marbury and others jobs were never finalized and they sued for their jobs in the supreme court in 1801.
Who- Marbury and many others were involved in this. The Supreme Court as well.
Why- It was important because Madison won the jobs and stopped the dilemma. -
Judicial Review
What- is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary, which means they can invalidate any law passed by higher authority.
Who- The legislative and executive branches.
Why- This is important because checks and balances are needed to make sure the president doesn’t pass a crazy law without permission. -
Louisiana Purchase
What- The US purchased 828,000,000 square miles of territory in France, increasing the size of the young republic.
Who- It was during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency.
Why- This was important because it ended the French and Indian war. -
Impressment
What- Taking Men into the navy without consent and warning.
Who- The British and the government taking the men.
Why- This is important because it caused an uproar making the act go away. -
War Hawks
What- Political members who favor war in the debate about whether to go to war or stay in the condition they’re in now.
Who- The men who were strongly against Great Britain.
Why- The War Hawks were important, because they stood up for war and were against our greatest enemies. -
Andrew Jackson
What- President 1829-1837 and was voted by popular election.
Who- Andrew Jackson
Why- He was important because he was the direct representative of the common man. -
Treaty of Ghent
What- Signed on December 24, 1814, ended the war of 1812 in a peaceful manner.
Who- US and Great Britain signed this document to end the war.
Why- This was important because it ended the fighting between US and Britain in a peaceful manner. -
Hartford Convention
What- A series of meetings between December 5, 1814- January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut.
Who- The Federalist Party were the ones who met at Connecticut.
Why- This was important because they spoke of the grievances of the ongoing war of 1812. -
Migrate
Who: Europeans migrated to the Americas
What: To move to another area
Why: Because of disagreements and other things, Europeans moved to other countries -
Adobe
Who/what: A Native American tribe -
Iroquois League
Who: Allies with William Pitt
What: Indian American tribe -
Prince Hengry the navigator
Who: A Dutch prince
What: He directed Portugese efforts to spread religion -
Christopher Colombus
Who: An Italian explorer
What: Is known for discovering America though he didn't
Why: His travels lead up to the country being formed -
Conquistadors
What: Aztecas, Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro- Incas found and conquered land -
Hernan Cortes
What: He conquered Aztecas -
Moctezuma
What: Aztec emperor, gave Cortes gold, Aztecas stoned him to death -
Colombian Exchange
What: Delivered new plants and animals to the new world
Why: It led to a more diverse wildlife in the Americas -
Presidio
What: A fortified Spanish settlement -
Middle Passages
What: The trade route in which slaves were transported, terrible terrible conditions -
Mestizo
What: A person of Spanish and American descent -
Northwest Passage
What: Sea route connected the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Ocean for a trade route -
Joint Stock Company
What: Business run colonies by royal control. Made VA of London, Jamestown -
John Smith
Who: Adventurer who helps the success of many English settlements in America -
House of Burgesses
What: 1st legislative assembly in the American colonies -
Bacon's Rebellion
What: It was a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governer William Berkeley -
Puritans
What: Church who wanted to “purify” or reform the church of England and then the Americas -
Mayflower Compact
What: First government of the Plymouth colony -
William Penn
Who: Leader of Quaker religion -
Indentured Servants
What: Men who would serve as a slave over debt from 3-5 then get sent to the new land -
Magna Carta
What: The Charter made by King John of England that protected church payments from the crown -
English Bill of Rights
What: Document that declared separation of power, freedom of speech, etc. -
Habeas Corpus
What: Legal action by which detainees can seek relief for unlawful imprisonment to the new land -
Salivary Neglect
What: British Policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient -
Mercantilism
What: Belief in me benefit of profitable trading; commercialism -
English Tenement
What: Intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge -
Great Awakening
What: A revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730’s and 1750’s
Why: It inspired a lot of the culture at the time -
Cash Crops
What: Crops traded and sold to other countries; brown gold (tobacco), white gold (cotton), wheat
Why: These crops help gain money fast -
American System
Who: Henry Clay designed it
What: A system that created a national bank, a tariff, and financial aid for roads, canals, etc...
Why: It would help unite the United States -
Interchangeable Parts
What: Parts that are created nearly identical so that they can be interchanged in the case that it breaks at any moment
Why: This allows easier handling of tools and machines allowing people to use their tools and machines for longer rather than getting new ones -
Erie Canal
What: A canal that stretches from Albany to Buffalo
Why: It allowed people to access the Great Lakes from the Atlantic Ocean -
Cotton Gin
Who: Southerners used it to gain more cotton
What: A machine that allowed faster production of cotton
Why: It was far easier to produce cotton; it was originally created to reduce the amount of slaves used to produce cotton but the opposite happened -
Henry Clay
Who/What: An American Senator who designed the American system
Why: He was a great influence on America -
Monroe Doctrine
Who: James Monroe created it
What: It was a doctrine limiting European involvement in the Americas in exchange for limited United States involvement in European affairs
Why: It would prevent Europe from intervene in the newly growing Latin America -
Missouri Compromise
Who: Henry Clay devised it
What: In exchange for Missouri becoming a slave state, others would become free states
Why: It added more states to both sides of the conflict at the time -
Indian Removal Act
Who: It was during the time of Andrew Jackson
What: It allowed the president to negotiate the Native Americans out of their land
Why: The United States wanted to expand and push the Native Americans out of their land -
Jacksonian Democracy
Who: It was during Andrew Jacksonś presidency
What: It was for greater democracy for the common man
Why: It promoted strength of the president -
Tariff of Abominations
Who: It was during the time of John Quincy Adamś
What: It prevented the North from suffering from low priced imported goods and taxed them
Why: It would help the economy -
2nd Great Awakening
What: A religious revival during the early 19th century
Why: It enrolled many people in evangelical denominations -
Utopian Communities
What: Some of optimistic religious and social reforms experimentalists groups tried to make an ideal place.
Why: To possibly gain a better society by living a certain way -
Treaty of Guadalupe
What: Hidalgo signed by America and Mexico, Mexico agreed to the border for Texas and sold New Mexico and California to the US.
Why: It gained more land for the US -
Dorothea Dix
Who/what: Joined the social reform by personal experience and discovered jails. Housed mentally ill people.
Why: Helped open up first generation mental asylum. -
Nat Turner
What: Born into slavery in 1800, he was chosen to lead people out of bandage. Got captured by state and federal troops after killing almost 60 white inhabitants.
Why: Inspired rebellion -
William Lloyd Garrison
Who: Most radical and white abolitionist
What: He took part in religious reform movements and started his own paper “The Liberator”.
Why: Influenced many people -
Abolition Movement
What: A movement to outlaw slavery given by preachers like Finney
Who: Finney
Why: To promote outlawing slavery -
Seneca Falls Convention
What: A woman’s rights convention
Who: Lickelta Malt and Elizabeth Stanton.
Why: To gain rights for women -
Elizabeth Stanton
What: Held a woman’s right movement with Matt given women the first look at quality.
Why: To promote women's rights -
Manifest Destiny
What: Many Americans expressed their belief that the US destiny was to expand to the Pacific ocean and Mexican territory.
Why: To gain more land -
Lone Star Republic
What: The territory of Texas that had their own army and navy and proudly flew their new flag with a gold lone star. They were sparsely populated.
Why: They later became part of the country -
California Gold Rush
What: Forty miners flocked to California from Asia, South America, and Europe to mine gold that was supposedly the best placed to mine gold at. This made California a very popular place.
Why: It attracted many people to California -
Gadsden Purchase
What: Franklin Pierce authorized his embassy to pay Mexico additional 60 million for another piece of territory South of the Gila River. This allowed the US to acquire more land from Mexico.
Why: To get even more land than before -
Marman Movement
What: Religious community that migrated westward along the Oregon Trail
Why: It played a major role in settling in the west -
Kansas Nebraska Act
What: Douglas introduced a bill to divide an area into 2.
Why: It divided the territory into Kansas and Nebraska and it left the fort of new territories to fend for themselves -
Wilmot Proviso
What: David Wilmot introduced an amendment that slavery nor involuntary servitude should exist. California and territories such as Utah and New Mexico would be closed to slavery forever. It divided the congress along regional lines and created angry people.
Why: It helped to settle slavery -
Popular Sovereignty
What: The North and South involved the ability to vote for or against slavery for their territory.
Why: This gives the ability to decide whether a region is for or against slavery naming the state free or a slave state -
Compromise of 1850
What: Henry Clay worked to compose this compromise. California was admitted a free state, Utah and New Mexico would decide over popular Sovereignty.
Why: This created a perfect balance of slave and free states. -
Underground Railroad
What: Conductors hid fugitives and the slaves who ran away could be escorted across tunnels to flee from being slaves.
Why: This allowed slaves to run away and be free from slavery. -
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who/what: She was a student abolitionist and she published Uncle Tom’s cabin, a book about a life of a slave. She predicted the way a slave lived and created an incorrect image of slavery of how the North sees it.
Why: Her book helped get the North against the South -
Dred Scott
Who/what: A slave from Missouri whose owner died and he began a lawsuit to become a free man because he lived in free territory. He was one of the first slaves to try to win his freedom.
Why: His lawsuit was influential -
Harper's Ferry
What: Virginia now West Virginia. John Brown led a band of 21 men both black and white into the ferry. He led them to seize the federal arsenal and start a general slave uprising.
Why: It was one of many rebellions -
Confederate States of America
What: Delegates from the secessionist states met in Montgomery, Alabama. This closely resembled the United States and protected and recognized slavery in the new territories.
Why: They wanted slavery so they seceded from the United States for it -
Battle of Fort Sumter
What: Lincoln or Confederates attacked on Fort Sumter. The fort was one of the southern forts in Union hands at this time and was taken.
Why: This was the first battle of the Civil War. -
Reconstruction
What: Trying to get the South back to normal. it lasted until March 31, 1877. An overall failure, the South became a sloppy backwater that ruled through fear and second class citizenship jan 1865
Why: It was an attempt to get the South back to normal -
Radical Republicans
What: A political party that lasted until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They strongly opposed slavery and demanded harsher punishment for South. Attempted to impeach Johnson after he didn't agree with their Reconstruction plan
Why: They affected politics -
Freedman's Bureau
What: They helped the freed slaves
Why: The freed slaves had trouble having rights after they were freed. -
Black Codes
What: Laws that limited the rights of freed slaves after they were freed
Why: The southerners were mad that the slaves were freed -
Civil Right's Act 1866
What: Laws that disallow discrimination of people of other races, religion, sex, etc...
Why: People were being discriminated against (especially because of race) -
14th Amendment
What: Allowed slaves to have basic rights
Why: Slaves had no rights before -
15th Amendment
What: Gave ex slaves the right to vote
Why: They didn't have a right to vote -
Sharecroppers
What: Farmers who gained land in exchange for farming for other people
Why: It allowed the farmers to get land -
Ku Klux Klan
What: Racist group who killed black people
Why: The slayed a bunch of black people -
Enforcement Acts
What; Acts that protected the slaves' rights to vote
Why: They were very limited in their rights
