Administracion y Organizaciones Su desarrollo evolutivo y las propuestas para el nuevo siglo
-
FW Taylor - Scientific Management
The idea of rationalization of work through the improvement of the process and its redesign arises. This allows setting work standards through techniques such as: time studies, movements, plant distribution and production control. It proposes 4 principles:- The scientific study of work
- The scientific selection and preparation of the worker
- Cordial collaboration between leaders and workers
- The division of labor and equal responsibility between leaders and workers
-
Henry Fayol
Build the paradigm of the administrative process and the functional areas. He stated that the administrative function is not a personal assignment or an exclusive privilege of the company's directors. It is a function that is shared and distributed proportionally between managers and other members of the company. His main contributions were: the administrative process, the
fourteen administrative principles and the six fundamental operations. (foresee, organize, direct, integrate and control) -
Period: to
Classical management thinking
This thought tries to respond to the challenges that the so-called Gigantism of organizations brought to the administration. It is based on the theoretical approaches of four great thinkers F.W. Taylor, H. Fayol, M Weber, and E Mayo; characterized by: A response to capitalist interests, a focus on internal behavior of the organization. The division between who thinks and who executes. Productivity and efficiency are privileged above all else. The recognition of man as a social being. -
Elton Mayo - School of Human Relations
It recognizes man as a social being, determines that the organization is a social organism, accepting that individuals are not isolated beings but members of a diversity of groups, emphasizing the presence of groups and informal leaders. It showed that the behavior of the employees could not be understood without taking into account the informal organization of the group and the relationship that said informal organization maintains with the global organization of the company. -
Max Weber - Bureaucracy
Proposes the theory of bureaucratic administration. This is configured in the rational way of exercising domination with precision, continuity, discipline, rigor and trust. It focused on the division of organizations into hierarchies and strong lines of control. There are three Weberian concepts that have most influenced administrative theory:- The concept of bureaucracy.
- The classification of the types of domination
- The characteristics of the bureaucratic model.
-
Katz and Kahn - General Systems Theory
According to Katz and Kahn, an organization is a system made up of a set of subsystems, each of which interacts with other subsystems. Most relevant contribution: sees the organization as an open system, that is, with interaction with its environment. The TGS helps us to understand organizations, since this theory tries to capture social systems from their structure, processes and functions, the relationships with their components to a more general system. -
Period: to
Breaking point - General Systems Theory
This approach changes the course of organizational theories, because through its theory, the very object of study of administration, that is, the organization, begins to be seen as a social system immersed in a suprasystem called society and, in particular, to be recognized as a vital component of it. -
Peter Drucker - Management by Objectives
It refers to the orientation that the commercial company must have: unite individual efforts in a common effort, where all employees must aim to contribute to the organization from their assigned functions and tasks, without losing sight of the general objectives of the company. same. Thus, the leaders have the function of ensuring that the workers have purposes and efforts directed towards a common goal, to know what is wanted of them and the work they must perform. -
The study of organizational culture and the organization as culture
The organizational culture is established under two paradigms:- The functionalist. Ideological formulas used by the leaders to guarantee that the behavior of the members of the company, tend to serve their own objectives.
- The radical humanist. Organizations have their own patterns of shared beliefs, divided, and supported by various operating rules and rituals that can exert a decisive influence on the efficiency of the organization.
-
The philosophy of total quality and productivity (Deming, Juran, Ishikawa).
Quality control is highly rational for the management of organizations, whose main objective is to try to reduce and control the costs of operations and increase the productivity of all levels of the organization.
To achieve this, it is studied not to make mistakes, all workers and supervisors exercise control and evaluation over the activities, the suggestions that are evaluated and applied to achieve the objectives of the organization. -
Period: to
Contemporary Administrative Approach
This approach was developed after the Second World War and is characterized by concern for issues such as the social and the human; participation, trust, worker autonomy, empowerment, teamwork and in general everything that has to do with Homo social. Based on more complex and structured administrative approaches, thanks to technological developments, constantly changing environments, more competitive and demanding markets. -
Strategic Planning - Chandler, Mintzberg
It was developed from the sixties, when markets begin to change and competition becomes stronger.
The planning process includes investigating and analyzing future conditions in order to draw up an action plan that the organization can follow, taking into account information from the internal and external environment. To trace it, it is necessary to study factors such as: customer needs, competition and available resources. -
Outsourcing
Aimed at deregulating labor relations, to make it easier for companies to concentrate on their critical processes, and deliver the rest to third parties. It is to get companies to concentrate on what they know how to do best and to contract with suppliers to maintain the normal running of the organization. This tool is important for the company because it makes it more competitive, lowers costs, and reduces the workload. -
The virtual organization.
The virtual organization has a virtual work team whose members operate in different cities, but are closely related to each other, making the processes equally beneficial for the organization. Virtuality becomes an organizational challenge for administrators, since they have the responsibility to make it work as such, with fewer tangible and stable resources. -
Competitiveness
It seeks how to achieve maximum productivity, maximum efficiency with the rational use of the resources that are possessed.
Paradigms of competitiveness:- Industrial capitalist: supported by the commitment of all members of the organization, teamwork and recognition of the human being.
- Financial Capitalist: led by the model of maximum efficiency, minimization of costs, under the belief that natural resources are renewable and inexhaustible.
-
Communication, technology, information and virtuality
In the 1990s, innovations of all kinds arose in the area of technology, even more so in the creation of new computer mechanisms to streamline the different processes that may occur within companies. One of the
Characteristics of this new computer wave are the capital and knowledge requirements for its implementation, which made its adaptation to organizational tasks slow. -
Reengineering - Michael Hammer and James Champy
It means starting over, that is, it is not about recommending anything, about fixing the existing system so that it works better; it means abandoning long-established procedures and looking again.
It refers to a total change of the productive and administrative practices of the company; it means abandoning the procedures established long ago, to establish new forms of administration, procedures, execution of tasks. -
Competitive Benchmarking - Michael Spendolini
It is a systematic and continuous process to evaluate the products, services and work processes of organizations, with the purpose of making further improvements. Benchmarking is used as a total part of an overall problem-solving process for the purpose of organizational improvement. It is typically used to support strategic planning, brainstorming, product vs. process comparison, and goal setting. -
Creativity and innovation - Jaime Ramírez
Jaime Ramírez Faundez defines it as the ability to integrate new products, systems and processes into the sphere of social work is a decisive condition for the acquisition and maintenance of competitive advantage by an economic subject. In the modern world, innovation plays a new role supported by the development of science: its transformation into technique and the process of training individuals in it; which allows the scientificization of professional practice.