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276
Eratosthenes BC
He was the first person to use the word "geography" and invented the discipline of geography as we understand it.[3] He invented a system of latitude and longitude. -
325
Pytheas BC
He made a voyage of exploration to northwestern Europe at about 325 BC. He travelled around and visited a considerable part of Great Britain. Some of his observations may be the earliest report of Stonehenge. Pytheas is the first person on record to describe the Midnight Sun, polar ice, Germanic and possibly Finnic tribes. He is the one who introduced the idea of distant Thule to the geographic imagination. His account of the tides is the earliest to state they are caused by -
Jan 5, 1430
Prince Henry the Navigator
Henry the navigator was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire. He was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents. -
Jan 5, 1521
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese explorer. -
Benjamin Franklin
As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. -
James Cook
a British explorer, navigator and cartographer, ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy. -
Matthew Maury
He was nicknamed Pathfinder of the Seas and Father of modern Oceanography and Naval Meteorology and later, Scientist of the Seas, due to the publication of his extensive works in his books, especially Physical Geography of the Sea 1855, the first extensive and comprehensive book on oceanography to be published. Maury made many important new contributions to charting winds and ocean currents, including ocean lanes for passing ships at sea. -
Challenger expedition
An illustration of the ship.The Challenger expedition of 1872–76 was a scientific exercise that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the mother vessel, HMS Challenger. -
SONAR
SOund Navigation And Ranging -
Bathysphere
a spherical deep-sea submersible which is unpowered and is lowered into the ocean on a cable. -
Ptolemy AD
He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid
