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Period: Jun 21, 1000 to
Year 10 Modern History The Crusades Lesson 1.
Period of the Crusades -
May 15, 1071
Byzantine Army defeated and Mercenary Seljuk Turks invade Holy Land.
15th-century French miniature deprictinon of the The Battle of Manzikert and the Byzantine army destroyed by Turks and Mercenary Seljuk Turks conquer Syria and Palestine The City of Jerusalem is taken. -
Jul 27, 1085
Christian Pilgrims were massacred
3000 Christian Pilgrims were massacred in Jerusalem and the Christian churches were destroyed or used as stables -
Feb 27, 1095
Emperor Alexius
Emperor Alexius I sent an embassy to Pope Urban II regarding the atrocities in Jerusalem and the growing threat of the Turks to Constantinople and the whole of Europe. Source 2: Pope urban's speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/urban2-5vers.asp -
Apr 11, 1096
First Crusade
DVD: The 1st Crusade was a military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG3fCeI19IA -
May 1, 1096
1st Crusade
Seljuk Turks killed 3000 Christian Pilgrims which started the first crusade. It was called the people's crusade and was led by Peter the Hermit. They didn't take back the holy land, most of them died -
May 15, 1096
The First unnoffcial Crusade. Peter the Hermit
The First unnoffcial Crusade. Peter the Hermit took up the cry "God wills it!" and ordinary people join in the 'People's Crusade' - most were unarmed and notskilsin the organisation of war. They subsequently indiscriminately massacred thousand and eventually all perished in there crusade. -
Jul 27, 1146
2nd Crusade Louis VII of France, and Conrad III of Germany
The Crusaders call another crusade to retake the area. Louis VII of France, and Conrad III of Germany are the main undertakers. -
May 1, 1147
The Second Crusade - 1147 - 1149
The Second Crusade - 1147 - 1149 The success of the Christians in the First Crusade had been due to the disunion of their enemies. But the Muslims learned the value of united action, and in 1144 A.D. succeeded in capturing Edessa, one of the principal Christian outposts in the East. The fall of the city of Edessa, followed by the loss of the entire county of Edessa, and removal of Godfrey de Bouillon, the first King of the Latin Kingdom, or kingdom of Jerusalem, led tothe second crusade. -
May 15, 1147
2nd Crusade
While those who participated in the Second Crusade had probably planned to do so before hearing of the loss of Edessa to Zangi, the urgency of the crusade was likely reinforced by the loss. Pope Eugenius III issued a crusading bull (Quantum praedecessors) to Louis VII of France. A Cistercian abbot, Bernard of Clairvaux, convinced Conrad III of Germany to go on crusade as well. Louis VII and Conrad III arrived in Constantinople in 1147. attacked Damascus, a Muslim city that had -
Oct 2, 1187
Saladin retakes the city of jerusalem
Saladin had become Sultan of Egypt in 1174 through a coup. After conquering Syria and Damascus, he led the Saracens in victory over the Crusaders on the plain of Tiberias in 1187. With his own scimitar, he kept his promise and slew Chatillon. The rival gangs next "rumbled" over Jerusalem. On this day, October 2, 1187, the Muslim general captured the holy city. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztpRNMXoW8o -
Aug 20, 1191
Acre Massacre
Richard I of England massacred nearly 3,000 Saracen hostages at Acre because Saladin owed him money. In exchange for sparing the lives of Acre's defenders, Saladin was to pay a ransom of 200,000 gold pieces, release some 1,500 Christian prisoners, and return the Holy Cross. These actions were to be accomplished within one month after the fall of the city. Richard would hold 2,700 Muslim prisoners as hostage until the terms were met. In the end, barely any of the terms were met. -
Sep 2, 1192
The 3rd crusade known as the 'Kings Crusade'
The Muslim world found in the famous Saladin a leader for a holy war against the Christians. Saladin in character was a typical Mohammedan, very devout in prayers and fasting, fiercely hostile toward unbelievers, and full of the pride of race. To these qualities he added a kindliness and humanity not surpassed, if equaled, by any of his Christian foes. The Third Crusade was caused by the capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by Saladin. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiYNdexDwYw -
Nov 27, 1192
Richard the Lionheart Makes Peace with Saladin, 1192.
Source; Richard the Lionheart Makes Peace with Saladin, 1192. http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/1192peace.asp -
Jul 27, 1202
4th Crusade
Pope Urban started the Fourth Crusade. The leaders of the Fourth Crusade wanted Egypt to be their objective point. They wanted Eygpt because it was the center of Moslem power. When the Fourth Crusade was over Constantinople lost strength and couldn't cope with the barbarians. 200 years later they were captured by the Turks. -
Jul 27, 1300
Interactive Map of Crusades
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May 29, 1453
Turks Capture Constantinople
Theottomans dragged 70 ships overland to support, European artillery experts and European artillery, a 70,000 man Ottoman Turkish army, under the leadership of Mehmed II (Mahomet II,) break Constantinople's fabled defensive walls, capture Constantinople and kill the Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos.
