-
Period: 251 to 356
St Antony
1st monk - went into desert to live simpler life away from temporal/worldly affairs
Helps the birth and spread of monasticism -
Period: Jun 13, 1073 to Jun 13, 1085
Gregory VII
Frankish Pope
Part of Gregorian Reform - contained the Investiture Controversy
Who will choose bishop?
Emperor vs Pope? Underlying issue of power
Gave power and loyalty to Hengry IV in exchange for power to choose/name bishops BUT Hengry IV still had power to veto any decision of Gregory's -
Period: Jun 13, 1079 to Jun 13, 1142
Peter Abelard
1st university professor - one of early scholastics
1121 - Sic et Non (Yes and No) provided methodological outline of comparing scholarly sources -
Period: Jun 13, 1084 to Jun 13, 1105
Henry IV
French king - excommunicated
One of the most powerful emperors yet he was so humbled by Pope Gregory VII that he was brought to his knees
Nobles did not like that he surrendered to papacy so chose new emperor which he fought off for years
Even at its height - there cannot be a strong emperor and papacy at the same time -
Jun 13, 1095
1st Crusade
Urban II ordered it to recapture Jerusalem from Muslims
Only one Crusaders won - brutallly done
Established crusader states -
Period: Jun 13, 1096 to Jun 13, 1204
Crusades
Centuries of animosity between East and West/ Christians and Muslims
No lasting presence in Holy Land -
Period: Jun 13, 1096 to Jun 13, 1164
Peter Lombard
Applied comparisons to sources using Abelard's outline
1150 - Senteniae - his work turned into a huge theological textbook
Wanted to disqualify some originally trusted works and keep others -
Jun 13, 1100
Rise of towns
Fall of feudalism incrased trade routes (no longer protected by their lords)
situated around water and where jobs were created
Led to overcrowding, competition, violence -
Jun 13, 1121
Sic et Non (Yes and No)
By Peter Abelard
Gave methodological outline for comparing scholarly sources -
Jun 13, 1122
Concordat of Worms
Bishop pays homage to king as his lord - gave loyalty
stopped fighting between papacy/empire - but not a resolution
facade of power to papacy - king still technically has all the power -
Period: Jun 13, 1145 to Jun 13, 1149
2nd Crusade
Because crusader state of Edessa fell
Weak support from home/ trouble getting efforts unified
Led to the fall of Jerusalem again/ultimately the 3rd Crusade
Huge morale boost for Muslims -
Period: Jun 13, 1154 to Jun 13, 1189
Henry II
First pantagenet King of England
Made legal changes to English Common Law
Plantagenet dynasty - sophistication of government - administration a lot smaller prior to plantagenists - bureaucracies develop - strengthened English Common Law -
Period: Jun 13, 1166 to Jun 13, 1216
King John
Lost a bunch of land to France
Made barons in Britain very angry - led to creation of Magna Carta -
Jun 13, 1187
Saladin - Jerusalem falls to him
Leader of finally united Muslims in 3rd Crusade
1187 - Jerusalem falls to him befor 3rd Crusade
Returns holy land to Muslim power by retaking Jerusalem
Reunites Muslims (even though they fall apart later) -
Period: Jun 13, 1190 to Jun 13, 1214
Phillip II
King of France (not king of franks)
Unified France -
Period: Jun 13, 1198 to Jun 13, 1216
Innocent III
Council of the Lateran (1215) decided there could not be any new relicious groupings without authorization of the pope
Helps unify and strengthen pope's power -
Jun 13, 1204
Sacking of Constantinople (aka. 4th Crusade)
4th Crusade - attacked and plundered constantinople for resources
Never reached Jerusalem
Weakened Byzantine states and survival chances
Drove East and West further apart -
Jun 13, 1209
Franciscans - Friars
Friars who believed in living just as Christ did and live with/as the poor
First time you see want/need to not live in monasteries and its confines
Provided the instinct which led to universal success (SOUTHERN) -
Jun 13, 1209
Dominicans
Friars who still lived in monasteries
Most went into schools, became professors, and practiced theology
Main concern was converting heretics to Christianity
Provided the intellect which led to universal success (SOUTHERN) -
Period: Jun 13, 1209 to Jun 13, 1229
Albigensian Crusade
Cathar Crusade
Inatiated by Innocent III to eradicate heresy of Cathars
Cathars had a good and an evil god - both equal and indestructable
Destroyed Cathar Christianity - cleaned out significant portions of France -
Jun 13, 1215
Council of the Lateran
Innocent III
Decided there could not be any new relicious groupings without authorization of the pope
Helps unify and strengthen pope's power -
Period: Jun 13, 1215 to Jun 13, 1250
Frederick II
German emperor AKA antichrist; huge thorn in papacy's side
5th and 6th crusades
kept germany and italy from uniting -
Jun 13, 1270
Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologiae)
Combines reason and faith
Dominican Dr. of the Church
More detail than Lombard in comparing and disqualifying theological sources
Gave proposition, answer, response -
Period: Jan 1, 1294 to Jan 1, 1303
Boniface VIII
Roman Pope
Papal Bull - unam sanctum
Last attempt at papal supremacy but discredited it
Diminished papal power extremely (already diminishing) -
Period: Jun 13, 1308 to Jun 13, 1321
Dante Alighieri (La Divina Commedia)
Fictional journey through hell/purgatory/heaven
("Divina" added to title by Bocaccio later)
Contributed to renaissance
Founder of Italian language - change from fancy Latin
Crystalizes/standardizes Italian language -
Period: Jun 13, 1309 to Jun 13, 1403
Avignon - Too many popes
Pope and antipope lived here during this time
Connects to Schism (having multiple popes at once) -
Period: Jun 13, 1348 to Jun 13, 1350
Black Death
Killed 1/3 of Europe's population
Fleas and rats
Eliminated overcrowding - survivors had economic flourishing -
Period: Jun 13, 1378 to Jun 13, 1417
The Great Schism
2 popes elected
Confusion leads to electing a 3rd pope
Council of Constance (1417) - Eventually 2 step down (one didn't, but they ignored him and he eventually gave up)
weakened papacy due to lack of unification -
Jun 13, 1417
Council of Constance
During The Great Schism
2 popes step down and the 3rd pope is recognized as the actual one -
Period: to
?Henry IV?
Wrong Henry IV? -
Rule of Benedict
Based of St Benedict
move to simpler way of life and monastatic reform
set precedent for years to come of how the Western Church operates -
Cluniac Reform
William I commissions the Cluny Abbey
Called for their abbots and monks to answer to the pope
First time monasteries were set up to answer to the pope alone
Another move away from worldly affairs and back toward simplistic, spiritual life -
Period: to
Holy Roman Empire
Not holy, roman, or empire