Medieval History: The Crusades

Peter the Hermit

Jan 1, 1050

Peter the Hermit was born c. 1050

The First Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Dec 31, 1099

First Crusade

Nov 1, 1095

Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade in November, 1095 to the town of Clermont, central France.

The First Crusaders

Jan 1, 1096

1096 a more organized force (the first crusaders) four different armies led by the princes of Europe, each set out for Constantinople.

Peter the Hermit and 20000 peasants.

Jan 1, 1096

In 1096 Peter the Hermit collected 20000 peasants and led them on the people's crusade looking for a place in heaven. THese peasants were undisciplined and unexperienced with fighted and as they travelled through Europe fights broke out and the peasants start looting.
When the pilgrims reached Constantinople, Emperor Alexius became very overwhelmed by their numbers and behaviour so he moved away to Turkey. When the pilgrims reached Turkey many were slaughtered by the well trained Turkish soldier

The City of Nicaea.

Jun 1, 1097

In 1097, June, the Crusaders were accompanied by the Greek Orthodox forces and took the city of Nicaea.

The Holy Lance, Antioch

Jun 1, 1097

June, 1097, the Crusaders took control of what they believed was a piece of the Holy Lance, Antioch. After a while the Crusaders decided to march out of the city to the Islamic armies led by the Turks, the Arabic princes di not feel like dying so the Turkish armies slowy melted away. The Crusaders then moved onto Jerusalem.

The Crusader States

Jul 1, 1099

1099, July, the Crusaders slaughtered the Muslim and Jewish defenders of Jerusalem and the number of Crusader States were established.

Crusade States lost ground

Period: Jan 1, 1101 to Jan 1, 1200

During the 12th century the Crusade States lost ground to the Ayyubid sultan Saladin

Peter the Hermit died

Jul 8, 1115

Saladin the Muslim leader was born

Jan 1, 1137

The Crusader State of Edessa

Jan 1, 1144

In 1144 the Crusader State of Edessa fell to the ruler Zengi, Pope Eugenis III prompted it as a call for the Second Crusade.

The Second Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1145 to Dec 31, 1149

The Islamic Empire

Jan 1, 1147

1147 - After the crusaders attacked Jerusalem they controlled a narrow coastal strip of land in the heart of the Islamic Empire and divided the land amongst themselves. Though most of northern states were lost. Some crusaders contined to fight and split into two orders. 1100 - the knights of St John the Hospitaller and 1123 - the knights of Templar.

Expedition to the Holy Land

Jan 1, 1147

THe expedition to the Holy Land was disastrous, they were repeatedly attacked by the Seljuk Turks as they crossed Asia Minor. A group of Anglo-Norman, Flemish and Rhineland Crusaders entered Damascus in 1147, however they were forced to retreat four days later.

Richard I of England was born

Jan 1, 1157

Fall of nearly all of the Crusader States

Jun 1, 1187

In June 1187 the Ayyubid sultan Saladin had a terrible defeat at Hattin. This led to the fall of nearly all of the Crusader States.

The Third Crusade was called

Jan 1, 1189

Richard became king of England

Jan 1, 1189

The Third Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1189 to Dec 31, 1192

Pope Gregroy VII and the Third Crusade

Jan 1, 1190

Pope Gregory VII was called for the Third Crusade to win back Jerusalem in 1190.

Philip Augustus and Richard I

Jan 1, 1191

Philip Augustus of France and Richard I of England took their armies by sea from the south coast of France to the city of Acre in the Holy Land in 1191.

Richard tries to reclaim Jerusalem

Jan 1, 1192

1192 - Richards efforts to reclaim Jerusalem failed and the Holy City remained under Muslim control. So Richard agreed on a truce with Saladin.

RIchard was shipwrecked on his way home

Jan 1, 1193

Saladin passes away

Mar 4, 1193

RIchard was killed

Apr 6, 1199

Muslims controlled the route across Turkey

Jan 1, 1200

!200 - Muslims controlled thr land route across Turkey. THe Crusaders spent three days rampaging in Constantinople.

Mongol invaders and the Mamluks

Period: Jan 1, 1201 to Jan 1, 1300

The Mongol invaders and the rise of the Mamluks as an appearance meant that the crusaders' grip on the Holy Land had weakened during the 13th century.

The Fourth Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1202 to Dec 31, 1204

New Latin Empire

Jan 1, 1204

1204 Warriors of the Fourth Crusade reached the walls of Constantinople, the city was attacked and the Byzantine Christians were slaughtered and a new Latine Empire was established

Pope Innocent III called the Fifth Crusade

Jan 1, 1213

The Fifth Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1213 to Dec 31, 1221

City of Damietta

Jan 1, 1221

Having captured the city of Damietta, the crusaders; advance was stopped after failing to retrieve land from Cairo in 1221, they eventually retreated having manage to secure no land.

Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II

Jan 1, 1228

Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, was excommunicated for not partiicpatting in the Fifth Crusade, had managed to negotiate the return of Jerusalem to Christian hands in 1228.

The Sixth Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1228 to Dec 31, 1229

Jerusalem returned to Muslim hands

Jan 1, 1244

1244 Jerusalem returned to Muslim hands, Louis IX of France led the Seventh Crusade to Egypt as a response.

The Seventh Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1248 to Dec 31, 1254

Battle of Mansourah

Jan 1, 1250

Louis IX's forces were defeated by the Ayyubids at the Battle of Mansourah in 1250.

The Eighth Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1270 to Dec 31, 1270

The Ninth Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1271 to Jan 1, 1272

End of Christians hold on the Holy Land

Jan 1, 1291

The ending of the Christians hold on the Holy Land was in 1291 when the Sultan al-Ashref destroyed the city of Acre.

Order of the Knights Templar

Jan 1, 1312

In 1312, one of the era's great instiutions were brought down with the supression of the Order of the Knights Templar.

Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Turks

Jan 1, 1453