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Conscription
Between the years of 1870-1914, multiple great powers started to increase and develop on their military system. They spent near 300 per cent. But within this time frame, the European powers adopted Conscription.
"A conscription a compulsory enlistment of citizens to serve in the armed forces." - Jacaranda Plus -
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-hungary and Italy had formed a triple alliane in 1882 in order to protect one-another in case of attack.
Each country promised support in the event of an attack by another powerful country.
Germany had also befriended Italy because they were fearing the attack of one of both of theirs enemy, France. -
France finds allies for War
Due to Germany failing to renew the treaty between them and Britain, France had found an ally in the Russian forces. In 1894, both alliances (Russia and France) both agreed to help eachother if they were to be attacked by the German forces. Concerns were raised within Britain when a new German leader (Kaiser Wilhelm II) increased the military force. Due to this, Britain signed the Entente Cordiale with France in 1904. Interests on the Balkans led to tensions and war between Austria and Russia. -
European Alliances (Beginning of 1914)
Triple Entente: France, United Kingdom, Corsica, Russian Empire.
Triple Alliance: Sardina, Sicily, Italy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bonsia and Bonsia. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
On June 28th, 1914, the asassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the next heir to the throne, took place.
While touring Sarajevo with his wife, Sophie, a Serbian Nationalist Nedjelko Cabrinovic threw a bomb at the car but it had rolled off the back and injured multiple bystanders.
Later that day, the archduke was paying a visit to the wounded from that previous attack but was shot by one of Cabrinovic's cohorts. 19 year old, Gavrilo Princip.
Due to this assassination, multiple conflicts arose. -
Austria-Hungary presents ultimatum to Serbia
Nearly a month after the assassination of Franz Ferdinard, Austria-Hungary persued a hard-line policy towards Serbia. Austria's plan was to force a military conflict that would hopefully end quickly before Serbias allies were to act. -
Declaring War on Sebia
In early 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This was caused by how Serbi was a Slabic Nation. Due to this Serbian rebellions wanted more Slavic people who where in Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1908 Austria took over two Turkish Balkan provinces, Bonsia and Herzegonvina which was where Serbia made most of their population. With this, Serbia was but couldn't take Austria due to it's growth but the Austrians couldn't take Serbia for their alliance with Russia would of created more tension -
Germany declares War/ Schliffen Plan
Tension was increasing between Germany, Russia and it's ally, France. With this, the Schlieffen plan was created. It explained that Germany would attack France from behind the forts that were set up across the boarder while going through Belgium. But Belgium had strong resistence which delayed Germany form invading. This meant that the French and British forces could get ready for what was about to come. It lasted for four years with led to the introduction of Trench Warefare. -
Britain decalres war on Germany
With the declarance of war against France and Russia, it led to Britain declaring it on Germany. -
Volunteer recruiting commences
Due to the war, Australia guranteed 20, 000 men to be placed at Britains disposal They (the army) sent strict conditions for enlistment. By the end of 1914, over 50, 000 men had joined. -
Battle of Mons
The BEF (British Expeditionary Force) fights with the Germans at Mons. They are then forced to retreat for the Germans pushed onwards towards Paris. -
French and British forces stop Germany
This is the exact date between 5-10 September, 1914 that the schiefflen plan came to an abrupt stop. The british and France armies have stopped the Germans in Belgium and France. -
Capture of the German New Guinea
This is the date where the AN and MEF siezed the German Wireless station at Bita Paka. -
Trench Warefare Commmences
Due to the outburst that had come between Germany, Russia, France and Britain the beginning of the Trench Warefare in Western Europe starts to unraval. -
The departure of Australians
The 1st ANZAC's departs towards the Albany, Western Australia, intially bound for Europe. -
ANZAC's deisembark in Egypt
The ANZAC force has arrived in Egypt. They were forced to go to Egypt for there were concerns for Europe due to sercurity in Suez Canal and the Middle East after the entry of war by the Ottoman Empire. -
Dardanelles failure
The British and French forces tried to force a way through the dardanelles strait in hope to destroy the Ottoman defences on the strait. It fails and leads to an allied plan to land on the Gallipoli beach to take over the forts and allow the other forces (British and France) to go through the strait. -
The landing of Gallipoli
The first landing took place on the Gallipoli beaches where the British and French troops landed around Cape Helles. The Anazc's had to reach the shore under fire (Turkish Forces). By the first night, the ANZAC's were pushed into a few square kilometres of beach to dig in. The Turks had perched themselves on the high cliff ridges which gave them a better view and aim. Throughout that night, multiple counter attacks were aunched by the Turkish forces and both sides suffered losses and injuries. -
The Turkish Counter attack
On these two nights the ANZAC's withstood massive counter attacks by the Turkish. over 42 000 Turkish men powered through but out of those, 10 000 men either died or were injured. A truce was made during the middle of the day between the ANZAC's and Turkish forces so they could bury their dead friends before the war resumed. -
Lone Pine
In August, the Australian and New Zeland troops aimed at breaking the deadlock. They created a diversion to make it look like they were still in their trenches as they were retreating. The Australians lost 2300 people (Killed) or wounded within the frame of four days and nights and the Turkish lost around 6000 men in that time frame. The diversion was to rig the rifles. Once water went from the top to the bottom it would fire. -
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The August Offensives
All the Allies hoped that a plan to break the war in Gallipoli would be ideal in August. This plan was for the ANZAC's to create a diversion in hope to draw the attention of the Turks from the main ground (The hill/higher ground) so that it would force a evacuation (Retreat). -
ANZAC troops retreat
On the date of 18th of December, 1915, the ANZAC troops finally throw in the towel and evactuate from Gallipoli. -
Consciption - Britain
Between the dates of August, 1914 and December, 1915, over 2 million men joined the Britsh force. But due to casualities in previous wars, it decreased the amount of enlistment. This led to the British Government introducing a conscription targeting 18 - 41 year old me. -
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Battle for Vendun
While France was defending Verdun, German attacks meant that it was the mos crucial focus of war. -
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The AIF Joins
In 1916, over the months of March and June, the AIF joins the fight againts Germany on the Western Front. The AIF is a abbreviated term for Australian Imperial Force (Australian Army). -
First ANZAC day
On the 25th of April in 1916, was the day that it was oficailly named Anzac Day. It is celebrated widly through ceremonies and services. -
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The Eastern Front
These are the dates where the Russians create a massive attack on the Eastern Front against the Australian Forces. This was due to Allied requests on how action to divert the Central Powers ttetion from the Western Front. -
The British and French Launch an Attack
On the 1st of July, 1916, the Britsh and French forces launched an offensive in the Somme Valley on the Western Front. It was against the German Army. It was launched due to the failure to appreciate the true strength of the German forces aswell as the relative failure of the British forces against them. Also to add on, it aused the lack of imagination and/or innovation in the tatics. -
Battle of Pozières
Australians are put into the Battle of Pozieres. -
Battle of Romani
The Anzacs first encounter war in Romani, Egypt after patrolling the Seuz Canal. They halted the Turkish troops forcing them to withdraw from the minor outbreak. -
The first Referendum was held
On the 28th of October, 1916, the first referendum to change the conscription law was held in Australia.
A Referendum is a general vote by the electorate on a single law whicch has been referred to them for a direct decision. -
The ending of the Somme Campaign
The end of the Somme Campaign was caused by how the Australian troops were positioned around the Flers and Gueudecourt . By the end they advanced only a few kilometres. -
THE USA ENETRS WAR
Disagreements over Europe and territory and boundaries and a string of other minor events caused USA to join war with its allies Britain, France and Russia to go to war to fight. -
Battle of Messines
Another battle against Australia and British, and their enemy German took place near Messines, Belgium. They placed multiple mines under the German positions. It worked but many deaths and injuries did take place. 10, 000 Germans were killed almost instantly due to the mines placed around their surroundings. -
The battle of Ypres (Third)
On the 31st of July, 1917 the thrid battle of Ypres began due to the Germans in Belgium. This was in the time frame of the Schiefflen plan and how Germany went through Belgium to attack France from behind. -
Battle of Bullecourt
This is where both the Austrlian and British forces attack the German frontline near Bullecourt. The battle plan did end causing a great disaster for the Australians had to retreat even though they got through the German defences. -
Battle of Beersheba - The fall of Gaza and Jerusalem
The 4th set of Australian troops on this day charged towards the Turkish grounds near Beersheba. rough this war, many Turkish men were captured and that creates the turning point of the Middle East war. The war fell and enabled the British Forces to ruin the line near GAZA and it then moved onto Palestine taking Jerusalem. -
Battle of Beersheba - Fail of Gaza and Jerusalem
The Australians charged down the Turkish trenches/forces in the town of Beersheba. Due to this, many Turkish men/soldiers were captured which turned the Middle Eastern war. The falling of Beersheba led to the British FOrces to destroy the Ottoman line near Gaza. This then came to them advancing into Palestine where they took Jeruselam. -
Revolution in Russia
With the industrial revolution starting to occur and commence, the revvolution of Russia led to them withdrawing from the War so they could rebuild and became stronger as a nation. -
Second Conscription Fails
The second conscription to go through the constitution fails in Australia and is not approved. -
Russia and Germans (Peace Treaty)
The Russians had signed a peace treaty with Germany to hopefully put an end to the war. But the treaty had conditions. Germans forced the Russians to yeild nearly a quarter of their territory and half of their industries. -
Australians Succeed
Finally, Australian forces succeed allied attack in France. (18th July, 1918) -
The last German Offensive is Launched
Luderndorff ordered a German Attack on the Western Front for the last time for an attempt to bring an end to the WW1.
"We must strike at the earliest moment before the Americans can throw strong forces into the scale. We must beat the British" - Luderndorff. -
Armistice
The Armistice is signed on the 11th of the 11, 11:11am. The signing of the paper ends the fighting within WW1!
