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The start of war
World War 1 began on July 28, 1914 and lasted until November 11, 1918. Differences in foreign policies were to blame, although the immediate cause was the assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand.The two main sides were the Allies, which included France, Great Britain and Russia; and Germany and Austria-Hungary. In total, 30 countries were involved in the conflict. Italy, once part of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, fought on the side of the Allies. -
Training of the Anzac troops
In 1914 the first Australian and New Zelander troop went to sent to Egypt were they spent 3-4 months trainng. 20,000 australian troops and 10,000 troops from New Zealand were sent to Egypt. Were they were given the name Anzac's (Australian New Zealand Army Corps). From Egypt the Anzac's split up to fight in several locations across Europe.
-Somme in France
-Western front in Austria Hungry
-Gallipoli in Turkey
-Western Front in Austria Hungry
-Gallipoli in Turkey -
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Anzac Troops
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Landing of Anzacs at gallipoli
The attack on Turkey was a stratigic move by the triple entente to shorten the war. on the 25th of April the Anzacs arrived on Turkish deninsula of Gallipoli. When night fell the soldiers had only made a few kilometers of land and they had lost 2,300 men. The Anzacs only joined the war because of their allegiance to the British Empire. Soldiers rmaind in Gallipoli until December 1916. -
what happen in Gallipoli
anzac beach landing against light opposition fails to consolidate early gains; 15,000 Anzacs forced back onto the beach by Turkish 19 div counter attack. The Turkish commanders immediately became aware of their further attacks and strengthened their defences to carefully lay minefields, guns and searchlights that swept the water at night, this led to the abandoned naval ships after 5 were striked by mines. -
falls in gallipoli
From the First to Fall, we learn that the bodies of William Annear and Mordaunt Reid were never recovered for burial or, if recovered, were not identifiable. They are commemorated at the Lone Pine Memorial. Of the 57 men of the 11th Battalion who died on the day of the 'Landing' only 13 have known graves. Seven of them are at Baby 700 Cemetery which was constructed after the war at one of the furthest points reached by the Australians on that first day. -
Washing and drinking in Gallipoli
First wash for a week you had to go down to the Water Hole, which is always covered by Turkish snipers, it was safer in the trenches than in the waterhole. All around this spot are dead and wounded who have been hit when dodging round this corner; however, one must drink, even if the price is Death. -
arriving at the western front
When the ANZACs arrived at the Western Front, the first thing they saw were the lines of wounded soldiers being taken to the rear. As they got closer, they could feel the earth shake, and hear the constant “crump crump” of artillery shells. The sound was loud enough to make their ears ring, and became their companion for the next three years. -
Western front
in the trenches in France and Belguim. The losses were very heavy and gains were small. It was here were they had their highest casualties in 1918 the Australians reached the peek of their fighting performance in the battle of Hamel on the 4th of July. -
Joffre and Haig plans
In late 1915 Joffre and Haig started to draw up plans for a big offensive, which would be carried out mainly by French troops, with some back up from us Brits. However because the Germans attacked Verdun earlier this year (in order to ‘bleed the French white’), most of the French troops were diverted there. -
Anzacs in Somme
On the first day of battle there were 60,000 casualities. this was because Britain were extremly unperpeared, were inexperienced and didin't have the required weaponry. The attack was successful though it resulted in 500,000 German Deaths, but at a cost to the British and French army. -
The start of Somme
The attack itself began at 07:30 on 1 July with the detonation of a series of 17 mines. The first, which was actually exploded ten minutes early, went off at 07:20. The detonation of this mine, the Hawthorn Crater - is stil visible today, it was captured on moving film by official war photographer Geoffrey Malins. -
the british planned attacks
The British planned to attack on a 24km front between Serre, and Curlu. Five French divisions would attack an 13km front south of the Somme. To ensure a rapid advance, Allied artillery pounded German lines for a week before the attack, firing 1.6 million shells. British commanders were so confident they ordered their troops to walk slowly towards the German lines. -
Poziere's and and Mouquet farm
Australia was mainly involved in offensive fighting in Poziere's and and Mouquet farm. australian soldiers were also sent to battle at Fluer in November 1916, however the attacks were furtle. Somme caused 22,000 casualties. -
The most successful operation of the campaign
On 19–20 December troops went under cover. As a result, the Turks were unable to inflict more than a very few casualties on the retreating forces. The whole Gallipoli operation, however, cost 26,111 Australian casualties, including 8,141 deaths. Despite this, it has been said that Gallipoli had no influence on the course of the war. -
Winter in the western front
The ANZACs soon realised that the Germans were not the only enemy. The winter of 1917 was one of the worst on record. Living in these trenches was to cause nearly as many casualties as the fighting. The ANZACs had only two blankets each and had to sleep as close as possible to one another just to survive. Winter was so cold that water was carried to the soldiers as blocks of ice. -
Attacking Germans in Bullecourt
On the night of 11 April 1917 the Australians attacked the Germans in Bullecourt. The ANZACs had no artillery, and the tanks that were supposed to break through the wire broke down or bogged in the snow-covered ground. Major Percy Black, who was leading part of the attack, called to his men: “Come on boys, bugger the tanks!” and charged towards the wire. -
Trenches
In 1917, the French village of Bullecourt sat in the middle of the Hindenburg Line, a mass of barbed wire joining concrete block houses and trenches. In some places the wire was 100 metres thick, and no Army had yet been able to break through it -
The Middle-East
The Middle East campaign began in 1916 with Australian troops participating in the defence of the Suez Canal and the allied reconquest of the Sinai peninsula. In the following year Australian and other allied troops advanced into Palestine and captured Gaza and Jerusalem; by 1918 they had occupied Lebanon and Syria. On 30 October 1918 Turkey sued for peace. -
Germany surrended
From the 8th of August the Australian soldiers took part in a series of deisive advances until Germany surrended on the 11th of November 1918 -
Losses at the end of war
At the end of WW1, over 9 million soldiers had been killed, and 21 million wounded. Over a million soldiers were killed in the Battle of the Somme alone, including about 30,000 in just one day. Around 11 percent of the population of France was killed or wounded during the war. About 116,000 Americans were killed, even though the US was only in the war for about 7 months.
