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The German Ottoman Alliance
The Ottoman Empire of Turkey agreed to secretly ally with the German Empire against the Russian Empire. Fig 1 - German Commander August von Mackensen examines the newly assembled German crew in the Ottoman Empire. The German-Ottoman Alliance. 2015. The German-Ottoman Alliance « World War I in The Middle East. [ONLINE] Available at: http://islamandthegreatwar.umwblogs.org/germany-and-germany-bff/. [Accessed 07 August 2015]. -
Period: to
Bibliography
James Charles (Jim) Martin. 2015.Australian War Memorial. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/martin/. [Accessed 17 August 2015].
Private James Charles Martin | Australian War Memorial. 2015. Private James Charles Martin | Australian War Memorial. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.awm.gov.au/people/P10676585/. [Accessed 17 August 2015].
http://www.gallipoli.gov.au/anzac-timeline/events-of-the-gallipoli-campaign.php. (Accessed 17-8-2015). -
The Very Start of a War
The Dominions and the British Empire officially state war against the German Empires and their forces. FIg 2 - Infantry from the British.
http://au.greekreporter.com/2013/04/16/the-role-of-lemnos-in-the-gallipoli-campaign/ (Accessed 16-8-2015) -
The Australian Imperial Force
Major-General William Throsby Bridges is appointed commander of the new military AIF, the Australian Imperial Force. Fig 3 - The Australian Imperial Force emblem.
Celebration of the Centenary 2014 – 2018. 2015. plaques.com.au. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.plaques.com.au/anzac_centenary. [Accessed 16 August 2015]. -
German Warships
Voluntary recruitment for Australian Imperial Force (AIF) began. The two German warships Goeben & Breslau evade warships belonging to the British Empire in the Mediterranean. The Turkish allowed the two German batle battle cruisers through to Constantinople where the warships were handed over to the Turks. Fig 4 - The German warship Goeben in port.
Goeben. 2015. Wikipedia. [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Goeben. [Accessed 16 August 2015]. -
Withdrawal
The British Empire retreated their Naval Missionaries from Turkey. Fig 5 - The British Army during WW1.
British Army during World War I. 2015. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army_during_World_War_I. [Accessed 16 August 2015]. -
The Process
The ANMEF or The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force took over German New Guinea and surrounding German-ruled territories. Fig 6 - The ANMEF.
Books On War: Australian World War One ANMEF Military Book. 2015. Books On War: Australian World War One ANMEF Military Book. [ONLINE] Available at: http://booksonwaraustralia.blogspot.com.au/2013/11/australias-real-baptism-of-fire-ww1-new.html. [Accessed 16 August 2015]. -
Central Powers
The Ottoman Empire of Turkey entered the war as allies with the Geman and Austria Empire or the 'Central Powers'. Fig 6 - Image of the Central Powers Alliance.
US Finally Faces the Central Powers in WWI. 2015. Mountain View Mirror. [ONLINE] Available at: http://mtviewmirror.com/us-finally-faces-the-central-powers-in-wwi/. [Accessed 16 August 2015]. -
Success for the 'Rushing' Empire
The Russian Empire defeats a large Turkish army in the Caucasus at Sarikamish. With temperatures below -30, more than 30,000 Turks were frozen to death. Initially, the Russians had asked the British to divert the Turks away from Russia. -
A Lot of Ships
Over 200 ships are assembled at Mudros, Lemnos to prepare for the French and British invasion of Turkey. -
The Landing
The 3rd, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Australian Brigade Battalions and the 3rd Field Ambulance landed on Gallipoli around Ari Burnu point. The rest of the Anzac corps came ashore throughout the day.
The Royal Naval Division carried out a disastrous diversion to convince the Turks that the main attack was to be at the Gulf of Saros (North of Gallipoli).
Fig 7 - Landing in Gallipoli.
https://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/anzac-voices/landing/ (Accessed 16-8-2015). -
Turkish Advantage
Turkish forces (guided by Lieutenant-Colonel Mustafa Kemal) attacked and 400 Plateau & Bay 700, therefore having the high ground to their advantage. The ANZACs were incapable to advance forward. Fig 8 - Turks in Gallipoli, World War One Turkey in WW1. 2015. Reforming the Army. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.turkeyswar.com/army/army_reforms.html. [Accessed 14 August 2015]. -
Bravery and Courage
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Doughtey-Wylie, Royal Welsh Fusiliers died because he led a charge against the Turks armed with a walking stick ... For his bravery & courage, he was awarded a Victoria Cross later after death. -
Un-Success
Turkish attacks to drive the Anzacs into the sea were unsuccessful. The small area of the Gallipoli peninsula became known as Anzac. The area on the southern part peninsula, captured by the British, is now known as Helles. -
The Very First Victorian Cross
The first Victoria Crosswas awarded to Lance-Corporal Walter Parker, for assisting the wounded in a remoted trench and helped to evacuate the wounded, regardless of his wounds. Fig 9 - The Victoria Cross The Victoria Cross. 2015. Wikipedia. [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brigade_of_Gurkhas_recipients_of_the_Victoria_Cross. [Accessed 14 August 2015]. -
Wounds of a Major-General
Major-General William Throsby Bridges (Commander of the 1st Australian Division) was wounded by a Turkish sniper in the Monash Valley. -
Death of Major-General William Throsby Bridges
Major-General William Throsby Bridges died aboard the hospital ship Gascon on his way to Egypt. His final words were, ' Anyhow, I have commanded an Australian Division for nine months.' Fig 10 - Major-General William Throsby Bridges William Bridges. 2015. Wikipedia. [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bridges_(general). [Accessed 14 August 2015]. -
Departure of Berrima
Jim Martin departures from Melbourne to arrive at Gallipoli on the troopship, Berrima -
Jim's Final Letter
From the trenches, Jim Martin wrote to his family, 'The Turks are about 70 yards away from us don't worry about me as I am doing splendid over here.' -
Jim's Death
Private Jame Charles (Jim) Martin is transported to Glenart Castle (a hospital ship). He dies of heart failure and is buried at sea. Fig 11 - The Glenart Castle MaritimeQuest - Daily Event for February26, 2012 HMHS Glenart Castle. 2015. ONLINE] Available at: http://www.maritimequest.com/daily_event_archive/2012/02_feb/26_hmhs_glenart_castle.htm. [Accessed 11 August 2015]. -
The Withdrawal
General Monro advised Field Marshal Lord Kitchener to evacuate from Gallipoli. -
New General
Lord Kitchener eventually dismissed General Monro, replacing him with Lieutenant-General Sir William Birdwood , the new commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. Lord Kitchener then travelled directly to Gallipoli to see for himself. -
Letter of Death
Fig 12 - Letter to Amelia Martin to inform Jim Martin's death. Record - Vrroom. 2015. Record - Vrroom. [ONLINE] Available at: http://vrroom.naa.gov.au/records/?ID=25318. [Accessed 14 August 2015]. -
The Advised Evacuation
Lord Kitchener recommended to evacuate Gallipoli, which included around 93,000 soldiers, 200 guns & ammunition. Fig 13 - Lord Kitchener inspecting the trenchs.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2556423/Most-Britons-dont-know-World-War-One-fought-Western-Front.html (Accessed 17-8-2015). -
Orders
The British Government wisely decided to evacuate Helles. -
French Escape
By the end of the day, the French army had evacuated form Helles.
