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The holocaust
the holocaust was an event that happened during world war 2.
The holocaust happens in 1933 and by 1945 the Germans and their collaborators killed nearly two out of every 3 European Jews as part of the "final solution," the nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. The nazis wanted to get rid of all of the Jews that where in the country of Europe, the easiest way to this was to put them in concentration camps and either work them until they were dead or to gas them to death. -
The holocaust
Between 1948 and 1951, almost 700,000 Jews emigrated to Israel, including 136,000 Jewish displaced persons from Europe. The total amount of Jews that were killed in the holocaust were between 5 and 6 million out of a Jewish population of nine million living in Europe. Source- http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005143 -
Germany's invasion of Poland
one of hitlers first major foreign policy intiatives after coming to power was to sign a nonaggression pact with Poland in January 1934.in the mid and late 1930's, France and especially Britain followed a foreign policy of appeasement. The objective of this policy was to maintain peace in Europe by making limited concessions to German demands. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. The Polish army was defeated within weeks of the invasion. -
Germany's invasion of Poland
From East Prussia and Germany in the north and Silesia and Slovakia in the south, German units, with more than 2,000 tanks and over 1,000 planes, broke through Polish defenses along the border and advanced on Warsaw in a massive encirclement attack. After heavy shelling and bombing. Nazi Germany occupied the remainder of Poland when it invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Poland remained under German occupation until January 1945.
Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=100 -
German blitzkrig
Luxembourg (May 1940), France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April 1941), and Greece (April 1941). However they didn't defeat great Britten, which was protected from German ground attack by the English Channel and the Royal Navy. In June 1941 the Germans attacked the Soviet Union, the blitzkrig seemed to succeed the forces were push back more than 600 miles to the gates of Moscow, but they were ultimaly trapped by the union in 1942 and destroys the entire German army. -
German blitzkrig
Then the United States and great Britten joined forces after they have heard that the soviet state destriod the army there and in May 1945 the Germans were defeated. Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005437 -
German blitzkrig
also called the Lightning war, Germany sought out to advoid a long war, there strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns.
They were victorious for more than two years by relaying on a military tactic called the blitzkrig, which required the concentration of offensive weapons along a narrow front.
Germany successfully used the blitzkrig tactic agents Poland in September 1939, Denmark, in April 1940,Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940). -
Auschwitz
is the largest concentration camp of its kind that was made by the nazi regime, it include 3 main camps. All 3 of the camps used prisoners for forced labor, one of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center.The best estimates of the number of victims at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex, including the killing center at Auschwitz-Birkenau, between 1940 and 1945 are: Jews (1,095,000 deported to Auschwitz, of whom 960,000 died). -
Auschwitz
Poles (147,000 deported, of whom 74,000 died); Roma (23,000 deported, of whom 21,000 died); Soviet prisoners of war (15,000 deported and died); and other nationalities (25,000 deported, of whom 12,000 died).the camps where used to either work people to death or gas them to death, the camps where used until January 27, 1945 when the Soviet army entered the camps and liberated around 7,000 prisoners, most of whom were ill and dying.
Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005189 -
USSR in WWII
Under the codename Operation "Barbarossa," Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, in the largest German military operation of World War II.In July 1940, just weeks after the German conquest of France and the Low Countries, Hitler decided to attack the Soviet Union within the following year. On December 18, 1940, he signed Directive 21 (code-named Operation "Barbarossa"), the first operational order for the invasion of the Soviet Union. -
USSR in WWII
Beginning in late July, with the arrival of Himmler's representatives, the Higher SS and Police Leaders and significant reinforcement, the SS and police, supported by locally recruited auxiliaries, began to physically annihilate entire Jewish communities in the Soviet Union.Despite catastrophic losses in the first six weeks of the war, the Soviet Union failed to collapse as anticipated by the Nazi leadership and the German military commanders. -
USSR in WWII
On December 6, 1941, the Soviet Union launched a major counterattack against the center of the front, driving the Germans back from Moscow in chaos. Only weeks later were the Germans able to stabilize the front east of Smolensk. In the summer of 1942, Germany resumed the offensive with a massive attack to the south and southeast toward the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd) on the Volga River and toward the oil fields of the Caucasus.
Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005164 -
Wannsee conference
on January 20,1942 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question."The "Final Solution" was the code name for the systematic, deliberate, physical annihilation of the European Jews. At some still undetermined time in 1941, Hitler authorized this European-wide scheme for mass murder. Heydrich convened the wannsee confrence(1), -
Wannsee confrence
to inform aThe "Final Solution" was the code name for the systematic, deliberate, physical annihilation of the European Jews. At some still undetermined time in 1941, Hitler authorized this European-wide scheme for mass murder.The participants discussed a number of other issues raised by the new policy, including the establishment of the Theresienstadt camp-ghetto as a destination for elderly Jews as well Jews who were disabled or decorated in World War I. -
Wannsee confrence
Despite the euphemisms which appeared in the protocols of the meeting, the aim of the Wannsee Conference was clear to its participants: to further the coordination of a policy aimed at the physical annihilation of the European Jews. Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005477 -
Bataan death march
After the April 9, 1942, U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II (1939-45), the approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps.The day after Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, the Japanese invasion of the Philippines began. -
Bataan death march
who in 1942 had famously promised to return to the Philippines, made good on his word. In February 1945, U.S.-Filipino forces recaptured the Bataan Peninsula, and Manila was liberated in early March.
Source-http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bataan-death-march -
Bataan death march
Within a month, the Japanese had captured Manila, the capital of the Philippines, and the American and Filipino defenders of Luzon (the island on which Manila is located) were forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. For the next three months, the combined U.S.-Filipino army held out despite a lack of naval and air support. Finally, on April 9, with his forces crippled by starvation and disease, U.S. General Edward King Jr. (1884-1958), surrendered his approximately 75,000 troops at Bataan. -
Bataan death march
The surrendered Filipinos and Americans soon were rounded up by the Japanese and forced to march some 65 miles from Mariveles, on the southern end of the Bataan Peninsula, to San Fernando. The men were divided into groups of approximately 100, and what became known as the Bataan Death March typically took each group around five days to complete.America avenged its defeat in the Philippines with the invasion of the island of Leyte in October 1944. General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964). -
Battle of midway
Analysts often point to Japanese aircraft losses at Midway as eliminating the power of the Imperial Navy’s air arm, but in fact about two-thirds of air crews survived. More devastating was the loss of trained mechanics and aircraft ground crews who went down with the ships. Some historians see Midway as the turning point in the Pacific theater of the war, after which Americans rode straight to Tokyo; others view it as a cusp in the war, after which initiative hung in the balance, -
Battle of midway
to swing toward the Allies in the Guadalcanal campaign. Either way, Midway ranks as a truly decisive battle.
Source-http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-midway -
Battle of midway
Six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. Thanks in part to major advances in code breaking, the United States was able to preempt and counter Japan’s planned ambush of its few remaining aircraft carriers, inflicting permanent damage on the Japanese Navy. An important turning point in the Pacific campaign, the victory allowed the United States and its allies to move into an offensive position. -
Battle of stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942-Feb. 2, 1943), was the successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the U.S.S.R. during World War II. Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict. It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies. -
Battle of Stalingrad
who had elevated the battle’s importance in German opinion. He now became more distrustful than ever of his generals. Stalin, on the other hand, gained confidence in his military, which followed up Stalingrad with a westward drive and remained largely on the offensive for the rest of the war.
Source-http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-stalingrad -
Battle of Stalingrad
On September 3, 1942, the German Sixth Army under Paulus reached the outskirts of Stalingrad, expecting to take the city in short order. But the Russians had built up their defenses and continued to bring in reinforcements. A very able general, V. I. Chuikov, took command of the main defending force, the Sixty-second Army, while Marshal Georgii K. Zhukov, Soviet Russia’s greatest general, planned a counteroffensive.The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a great humiliation for Hitler, -
Warsaw ghetto uprising
For the at least 55,000-60,000 Jews remaining in the Warsaw ghetto, deportation seemed inevitable.In response to the deportations, on July 28, 1942, several Jewish underground organizations created an armed self-defense unit known as the Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB). Rough estimates put the size of the ZOB at its formation at around 200 members. The Germans had planned to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto in three days, -
Warsaw ghetto uprising
Between July 22 and September 12, 1942, the German authorities deported or murdered around 300,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto. SS and police units deported 265,000 Jews to the Treblinka killing center and 11,580 to forced-labor camps. The Germans and their auxiliaries murdered more than 10,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto during the deportation operations. The German authorities granted only 35,000 Jews permission to remain in the ghetto, while more than 20,000 Jews remained in the ghetto in hiding. -
Warsaw ghetto uprising
but the ghetto fighters held out for more than a month. Even after the end of the uprising on May 16, 1943, individual Jews hiding out in the ruins of the ghetto continued to attack the patrols of the Germans and their auxiliaries. The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest, symbolically most important Jewish uprising, and the first urban uprising, in German-occupied Europe. -
Warsaw ghetto uprising
Today, Days of Remembrance ceremonies to commemorate the victims and survivors of the Holocaust are linked to the dates of the Warsaw ghetto uprising
Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005188 -
Allied invasion of Italy
The British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery begins the Allied invasion of the Italian peninsula, crossing the Strait of Messina from Sicily and landing at Calabria–the “toe” of Italy. On the day of the landing, the Italian government secretly agreed to the Allies’ terms for surrender, but no public announcement was made until September 8.Italian dictator Benito Mussolini envisioned building Fascist Italy into a new Roman Empire, but a string of military defeats in World War II -
Allied invasion of Italy
effectively made his regime a puppet of its stronger Axis partner, Germany. By the spring of 1943, opposition groups in Italy were uniting to overthrow Mussolini and make peace with the Allies, but a strong German military presence in Italy threatened to resist any such action.On July 10, 1943, the Allies began their invasion of Axis-controlled Europe with landings on the island of Sicily, off mainland Italy. Encountering little resistance from demoralized Sicilian troops, Montgomery’s 8th Army -
Allied invasion of Italy
Army came ashore on the southeast part of the island, while the U.S. 7th Army, under General George S. Patton, landed on Sicily’s south coast. In April 1945, a new major offensive began, and on April 28 Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans and summarily executed. German forces in Italy surrendered on May 1, and six days later all of Germany surrendered
Source http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/allies-invade-italian-mainland -
D-day
after the German conquest of France in 1940, the opening of a second front in Western Europe was a major aim of allied strategy during
World war 2.On June 6, 1944, under the code name Operation "Overlord," US, British, and Canadian troops landed on the beaches of Normandy, France, on the English Channel coast east of Cherbourg and west of Le Havre.more than 130,000 Allied troops landed on five beaches, code named Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword, and Utah. On the night before the amphibious landings, -
D-day
On the night before the amphibious landings, 23,000 US and British paratroopers landed in France behind the German defensive lines by parachute and glider. The invasion force of more than 155,000 troops included 50,000 vehicles (including 1,000 tanks). On July 25, 1944, allied troops broke out of the Normandy beachhead near the town of St. Lo and began to pour into northern France. By mid-August, Allied troops had encircled and destroyed much of the German army in Normandy in the Falaise pocket. -
D-day
On August 25, Free French forces liberated Paris; on September 16, US troops reached the border of Germany.
Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005158 -
Battle of the bulge
As the Allies attempted to penetrate across the western border of Germany in late 1944, the Germans tried one last gambit to reverse their fortunes. Operation “Watch on the Rhine” was intended to split British and US forces in northern France.In large part, it was the tenacious defense put up by American soldiers, fighting in small groups in sub-zero cold and snow that stopped the German advance. -
Battle of the bulge
This was all the more remarkable since many of the US units fighting in the Bulge had taken heavy casualties in the Hürtgen Forest fighting in the autumn of 1944.After enlarging the corridor to Bastogne at the end of December, US troops and some British troops counterattacked to eliminate the Bulge, with the US First Army attacking from the north and General George Patton's Third Army from the south. -
Battle of the bulge
In the face of increasing Allied pressure, the Germans began to withdraw from the Bulge on January 8, 1945.Without halting, US forces challenged the German defenses of the Siegfried Line, now undermanned after the heavy German losses during the Ardennes offensive. The Battle of Germany lay ahead.During the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans suffered more than 100,000 casualties; the Americans approximately 81,000.
Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10006178 -
Dropping of the atomic bombs
At approximately 8.15am on 6 August 1945 a US B-29 bomber dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, instantly killing around 80,000 people. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, causing the deaths of 40,000 more. Since 1942, more than 100,000 scientists of the Manhattan Project had been working on the bomb’s development. At the time, it was the largest collective scientific effort ever undertaken. -
Dropping of the atomic bombs
It involved 37 installations across the US, 13 university laboratories and a host of prestigious participants such as the Nobel prizewinning physicists Arthur Holly Compton and Harold Urey. Directed by the Army's chief engineer, Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves, the Manhattan Project was also the most secret wartime project in history. -
Dropping of the atomic bombs
The effects of the attack were devastating. The predicted Japanese surrender, which came on 15 August - just six days after the detonation over Nagasaki - ended World War II. Source-http://www.history.co.uk/study-topics/history-of-ww2/atomic-bomb -
Post traumatic stress disorder in ww2 veterans
WWII differed from previous wars in its use of bigger field weapons and bombs, which placed soldiers at greater risk (PBS, 2003). Additionally, soldiers were placed into smaller combat groups, which reduced the social interaction which may have been a protective factor for psychological afflictions (Marlowe, 2000). Indeed, the war took a tremendous psychological toll on soldiers, despite the extensive use of psychiatric screening for selection (Marlowe, 2000). -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in WWII Veterans
Medical personnel were puzzled that although over one million soldiers were screened out for psychological reasons, there continued to be staggering numbers of psychiatric casualties in war. In fact, even soldiers who had fought bravely on previous tours were being affected (Scott, 1990).Overall, 25% of casualties were caused by war trauma, and this rate was even higher– 50%– for soldiers engaged in long, intense fighting (PBS, 2003). -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in WWII Veterans
for soldiers engaged in long, intense fighting (PBS, 2003). In fact, so many soldiers were affected that psychiatrists were confronted with the reality that psychological weakness had little to do with subsequent distress in combat. In 1946, the National Mental Health Act was passed, which provided for the expansion of mental health facilities, including VA centers that would treat mental health problems in veterans (Magee, 2006)
Source-https://historyofptsd.wordpress.com/world-war-ii/
