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World War 1
Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie the Duchess of Hohenburg, are killed by Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip. -
RUSSIANS ARE DEFEATED AT BATTLE OF TANNENBERG
On the eastern front, Germans shatter the Russian Second Army and take over 92,000 prisoners at the Battle of Tannenberg. -
GERMANS CONDUCT AIR RAID ON PARIS
The attack has little military value, but is intended to terrorize civilians. -
GERMANS STOPPED AT FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE
German invasion of France is stopped in the First Battle of the Marne as German troops are forced to the north side of the Marne River -
JAPAN ATTACKS AND CAPTURES TSINGTAO, CHINA
Held by the Germans since 1898, Tsingtao is a lightly garrisoned port city on the Yellow Sea. -
IN FIRST BATTLE OF YPRES, ENTRENCHED ALLIES FIGHT OFF GERMAN ASSAULT
As the armies tried to out flank each other, they extended their lines to the English Channel and began trench warfare. Ypres, a Belgian city and communications hub, was essential to both sides. -
CHRISTMAS TRUCE OBSERVED ON WESTERN FRONT
The sound of Christmas carols across No Man’s Land encourages troops from both sides to exchange greetings. -
BREAD RATIONING IS INTRODUCED IN GERMANY
Each citizen and neutral foreign national is issued a bread card for an initial daily quota of 225 grams -
TURKISH ARMY DISARMS ITS ARMENIAN TROOPS
Ottoman Turkish army disarms and segregates Armenian soldiers into labor battalions fearing Christian Armenians are aiding Orthodox Russians in their fight against Turkey. -
GERMAN SABOTEURS AT WORK IN AMERICA
A German officer is arrested in Maine for blowing up a Canadian Pacific Railroad bridge across the St. Croix River. -
GERMAN WOMEN DEMONSTRATE FOR PEACE
Several thousand women demonstrate for peace before the German Reichstag -
IN SECOND BATTLE OF YPRES, GERMANS USE POISON GAS
In the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans open the assault with a chlorine gas attack, the first successful use of poison gas on the Western Front -
ALLIES LAND IN GALLIPOLI, TURKEY
Allies, including Australian and New Zealand troops, land in Gallipoli, Turkey at Helles and Anzac Cove. -
GERMAN U-BOAT TORPEDOES THE LUSITANIA
The Lusitania, a Cunard passenger ship sinks in British waters. A total of 1,198 drown, including many women and children and 124 U.S. citizens. -
THIRD ALLIED OFFENSIVE ON GALLIPOLI FAILS
A final attempt by Allied troops to take Krithia, a coastal city in Turkey, is unsuccessful. Field Marshal Kitchener decides to send three additional divisions as reinforcements. The Turks also bring in additional troops. -
GERMAN FORCES IN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA SURRENDER TO GENERAL BOTHA OF SOUTH AFRICA
A six-month campaign conquers the German colony, capturing its wireless stations and strategic harbors. -
IN LONDON, WOMEN DEMONSTRATE FOR THE RIGHT TO WORK IN WAR INDUSTRIES
In London, women demonstrate for the right to work in war industries -
ALLIED TROOPS ENTER KUT-AL-AMARA IN MESOPOTAMIA
British and Indian forces move up the Tigris River to capture Kut-al-Amara in Mesopotamia from Turkish forces. -
SERBIA IS INVADED BY GERMANY, AUSTRIA AND BULGARIA
The Central Powers troops cross the Danube River and within days capture Belgrade. A massive Serbian retreat follows. Soldiers and their families made their way to the Albanian border through mountains and a steady snowfall. -
BRITISH NURSE EDITH CAVELL IS EXECUTED
British nurse Edith Cavell, a nursing instructor working with the Red Cross, is shot by Germans at 7 a.m. under accusations of being a spy and helping Allied soldiers escape Belgium.