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Battle of Lexington & Concord
This kicked of the American Revolutionary war. Between residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities, tensions had been building for many years. April 18, 1775, hundreds of British troops marched. The troops marched from Boston nearby Concord to seize an arms cache. There was an alarm sounded from other riders so that colonial militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the Redcoat column. This war happened because of the British commander in Boston. -
Battle of Saratoga
This was a turning point in the American Revolution. 5,895 British and Hessian troops surrendered their arms on October 17,1777. John Burgoyne achieved a small victory over American forces. This battle renewed the morale of the American public. It also convinced potential foreign partners, like France, and American could win the war. This battle was a crucial victory for the Patriots. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was the last battle of the Revolutionary War. This battle was Americans and French against the British and their German mercenaries. At the battle there was 8,800 American troops. There also was 7,800 French troops and 6,000 British and German troops. George Washington was surrendered by Cornwallis as French and American forces trapped the British at Yorktown. The British surrendering is what ended the war. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was the Second Continental Congress, chartered a government for the Northwest Territory. The three acts, laid the basis for the government of the Northwest Territory. This isted a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. It also provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory. A law passed in 1787 to regulate the settlement of the Northwest Territory. The settlement divided into several states of the Middle West. -
Alien & Sedition Act
The Alien & Sedition Act were four bills. The four bills that came from the Alien & Sedition Act was passed by the Federalist. It was passed in 1798 in preparation for an anticipated war with France. President John Adam signed the bills into law. The four bills were: Alien Enemies Act, Alien Friends Act, Naturalization Act, Sedition Act. New powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote was included in the laws. -
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Virginia & Kentucky Resolution
The Virginia & Kentucky Resolution was secretly Written by President Thomas Jefferson. James Madison also secretly wrote the Virginia & Kentucky resolution. They were Democratic-Republican responses to the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolution argued that the federal government had no authority to exercise power. The resolution had no authority to exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution. This declared that several states are united by compact under the Constitution -
Marbury V. Madison
This was a U.S Supreme court case. This established the principle of judicial review/the power of the federal courts. American courts have the power to strike down laws and some government actions. It declared legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. t was important because is challenged a law that was passed by Congress and signed by the president. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana territory was bought from France. It was bought in 1803 under the rule of Napoleon. The Louisiana purchase was bought for $15 million. Napoleon sold it because he was in need of money. The Louisiana purchase was doubled the size of the United States. "The Louisiana Purchase is important because it gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans, both of which were used by farmers to ship their crops and get paid." -
Missouri Compromise
This was the effort to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered. Missouri Compromise was passed in effort to preserve balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. This allowed Missouri to enter as an slave state. While Missouri was an slave state Maine admitted as a free state. This compromise was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Missouri Compromise failed because of the tension that was caused by the slavery issue. -
Monroe Doctrine
A policy, that was stated by President Monroe. The U.S. opposed further European colonization. It interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. This was his 7th annual message to the congress. The Monroe Doctrine had considerable effect. It also had strong support in the United States in part because it has promoted U.S. interests. It's importance is that it created sphere of europeans and american influences. -
Nullification Crisis
Nullification Crisis was caused by the introduction of a series of protective tariffs. This was a formal suspension by a state of a federal law. South Carolina adopted the ordinance to nullify the tariff acts. They then was labeled as unconstitutional. The 1828 Tariff of Abominations is what sparked the Nullification Crisis. This tariff was the third protective tariff implemented by the government. -
Texas Annexation
This annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America. It was admitted to the union as the 28th state. Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico. This annexation led to the war with Mexico quickly. As the number of slaves in Texas increased, the slave-based cotton production boomed. United States came away with control of the American Southwest and California. -
Mexican Cession ( Treaty of guadalupe Hidalgo)
The Mexican Cession is the region in the modern-day. This refers to lands surrendered, or ceded, to the United States by Mexico. After the war with Mexico ended, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. This treaty established our Mexican-United States border at Texas. It was in Texas at the Rio Grande River. Utah, California and Nevada came from Mexico. The price of this was $15 million to Mexico and to cover the claims of the American Citizens against Mexico was $3,250,000. -
Oregon Treaty
The Oregon Treaty was a successes of Manifest Destiny. The treaty set the boundary between the United States and Canada. It settle the disputes between them locating between the Columbia River and the 49th parallel. Both Canada and United States had agreed to a joint occupation of Oregon. The British gained the Vancouver Island. The United States also received the territory south of the parallel. -
Compromise of 1850
This consists of five laws passed in September. The laws dealt with the issue of slavery. In Washington slavery was outlawed. Utah and New Mexico had to determine whether slavery is allowed. The Fugitive Slave Law was also passed. During the Compromise of 1850 California was admitted as a free state. -
Kansas - Nebraska Act
This allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska to make a decision for themselves. They could decide whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Kansas - Nebraska Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise. This prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. This act was to open new farms and feasible a Midwestern Transcontinental Railroad. -
Bleeding (Bloody) Kansas
This is when pro-slavery poured into Kansas.The border ruffians tried to establish that territory as a slave state. John Brown led anti-slavery fighters in Kansas. Bleeding Kansas led to the establishment of the Republican Party. Kansas territory was violent. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the American Civil War.It also was the bombardment of Fort Sumter. Major Anderson decided to withdraw his troops from the land forts to the Fort Sumter. He decided to do that when the Secession of South Carolina from the Union brought the threat of a civil war. After the Battle of Fort Sumter several new states seceded from the Union giving the Confederacy 11 states in total. When Confederates fired on Fort Sumter the American Civil War begined. -
Battle of Bull Run
The battle of Bull Run was known as the First Battle of Manassas. It was known as the First Battle of Manassas because it was the name used by Confederate forces. This was the first major battle of the Civil War. It resulted in a Confederate victory. Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, begin campaigning. Untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle gave Southern morale confidence and made the North realize this was going to be a long war. -
Battle of Antietam
This battle was also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg. The battle occurred at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. This was the bloodiest war that was in a single day. It led to the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln was happy that this led to the Emancipation Proclamation because it gave him the opportunity to announce it. The Battle of Antietam decisive engagement in the American Civil War. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln. He issued this as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. This "declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."". Lincoln was trying to free slaves in 10 states. The Emancipation Proclamation was to encourage rebellious states to rejoin the Union.The Emancipation Proclamation also decreed freed slaves could be enlisted in the Union Army -
Battle of Vicksburg
Vicksburg on the Mississippi River was covered by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Army of the Tennessee. The lost of the war was more important. Union forces had all control over the Mississippi River. Since the union had all control over the Mississippi it effected the Civil War. The Confederacy was cut into two. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The battle involved the largest number of casualties. This was considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. General Robert E. Lee marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Pennsylvania after a great victory. The battle was in Gettysburg because there was ten roads that lid in Gettysburg. In this battle there was up to 10,000 Union and Confederate troops dead and another 30,000 wounded. Since there was so many dead and wounded people this battle was called the bloodies. -
Gettysburg Address
This was a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War. It was at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This was for for Union soldiers killed at the Battle Of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. Lincoln wanted to bring equality to “all” of its citizens. Since he wanted to bring equality to " all " he advocates the words of the Declaration of Independence. -
13th Amendment Passed
The 13th amendment was passed by congress. It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, but passed by the House on January 31, 1865. The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. This amendment was a change to the basic and most important laws. This was important because it created a constitutional amendment. Not only did it outlaws slavery but it also involuntary servitude, and except as punishment for a crime -
14th Amendment Passed
The 14th amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United State. It also grants citizenship to former slaves who just been freed after the Civil War. This amendment extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights. The U.S Constitution was forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens. Most Southern states rejected this but it ratified by the required three-fourths of the states. Others tried to use this Amendment to further their causes. -
15th Amendment Passed
This amendment granted African American men the right to vote. The right to vote could not be denied based on race or color. You also couldn't get denied for previous condition of servitude. This amendment also allowed the federal government to legislate qualifications for voting. This amendment didn't go for women though. The 15th amendment was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
This was a landmark decision. It was a landmark decision of the U.S Supreme Court. This upheld the rights of states to pass laws. It allowed/required racial segregation in public and private institutions. Examples:schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants. It became known as "separate but equal".