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The Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans and their enslaved African Americans within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government. -
The Indian Removal Act
he Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
The Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy. -
The Reconstruction Treaties
The Five Civilized Tribes agreed to draft treaties, but final treaties were signed in Washington, D.C. All the treaties contained: amnesty for all crimes committed against the United States prior to the treaties. included specific provisions of peace and friendship toward the United States. -
The Dawes Act
authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. Thus, Native Americans registering on a tribal "roll" were granted allotments of reservation land. -
The Oklahoma Land Rush
Men and women rushed to claim homesteads or to purchase lots in one of the many new towns that sprang into existence overnight. An estimated eleven thousand agricultural homesteads were claimed. There would be many hardships ahead, and many would be forced to contest others who claimed the same farm or lot. -
The Indian Reorganization Act
Indian Reorganization Act, measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility.