Timeline #3- Shawn C

The Great Schism

1054

Religion: The splitting of Christian churches into a western Latin speaking church and eastern Greek speaking church. These two sections would eventually turn into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Battle of Hasting

Oct 14, 1066

Warfare: William the Conqueror and his Norman-French army defeated the King Harold II of England and his Anglo-Saxons forces. This event is considered an important battle in history. The culture, government and language in England and would significantly change and influence other countries.

Council of Clermont

1095

Politics: A influential speech from Pope Urban II to gather Christian's soldier together to reclaim their lost land. The announcement of the first crusade was made by Urban II during his speech at the Council of Clermont that aimed to recover the holy lands from the Muslims. Pope Urban II was called for by the Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, to aid him in the fight against the Turks.

First Crusades

Period: 1096 to 1099

Warfare: Being influenced by Pope Urban II, the crusaders were successful in recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Lands.

Second Crusade

Period: 1145 to 1149

Warfare: With the fall of the Country of Edessa in 1144, the Second Crusade was called by Pope Eugene III in attempt to reclaim it and it was the first crusade led by the European kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany and aided by many other nobles. Unlike the first crusade, the Muslims were victorious and the crusaders would ultimately fail in their attempts to reclaim Edessa.

Third Crusade

Period: 1189 to 1192

Warfare: Also referred to as the King''s crusade, was led by Frederick I Barbarossa, Philip II, and Richard I "the Lionhearted" with the common goal to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims after it's fall in 1187. The third crusade again ended as a failed attempt to reconquer Jerusalem but unlike the previous crusade, a treaty was in placed granting Muslim control over Jerusalem.

The Sack of Constantinople

1204

Warfare: The fourth crusade was a vastly different from the previous three. Instead of fighting against the Muslims to reconquer Jerusalem like the Christians had before, Christians were fighting and killing each other for the sake of riches which was the result of the Sack of Constantinople and further weakening the Byzantine Empire.

Fourth Lateran Council

1215

Religion: Convoked by Pope Innocent III. Is considered important because it asserted papal primacy over all monarchs and the many different decrees announced by the pope. Innocent wanted to reform the church and recover the holy lands held by the Muslims.

Magna Carta

Jun 15, 1215

Politics: The Magna Carta is regarded as one of the most important documents in history. It limits the king's power and not only does the law applies the king's subjects, the king also must adhere to it.

Great Famine

1315

Crisis: A time where people scavenged for food and many died of starvation. This was due to bad weather hindering the production of crops.

The Hundred Years' War

Period: 1337 to 1453

Warfare: The hundred years' war was a series of battles between England and France for the control of the French throne. When Charles IV of France died without a son, it began a dispute for the rightful leader between King Philip VI and Edward III of England.

Black Death(Bubonic Plague)

1348

Crisis: Regarded as one of the deadliest pandemics in history, the black death killed millions of Europeans. The plague was said to be spread by infected fleas carried rats and infected humans.

The Western Schism

1378

Religion: A period of time where the church was split three ways due to there being three different popes which confused many. This would later being resolved in 1414, by the Council of Constance.