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Friedrich Mieschner
Friedrich Miescher isolated "nuclein," DNA with associated proteins, from cell nuclei. He was the first to identify DNA as a distinct molecule. -
rosalind franklin & maurice wilkins
Franklin was in the studies of x-ray crystallography and she was the first person to ever discover how DNA was made up of the double helix shape. -
Fredrick Griffith
unexpectedly uncovered a clue about DNA’s function. Griffith was studying pneumonia-causing bacteria in the hope of creating a vaccine. -
Avery, McCarty and McCleod
They determined the "Transforming Principal" through the process of elimination. First, a full complement of hereditary information must be transmitted along with the molecule; second, each cell of a given species should contain the same amount of it; third, because the molecule functions as a genetic bridge between generations, it has to be exempt from change; and fourth, it must be capable of encoding the almost unimaginably huge amount of information required to build a new individual. -
hershy & chase
That DNA transmits a full complement of hereditary information. they started working on bacteriophage a virus that infects bacteria. they proved that the material bacteriophage injects into bacteria is DNA, not protein -
Linus Pauling
founder of molecular biology due to his discovery of the spiral structure of proteins
through his experiments it helped along Watson and crick with their experimental phases of the double heilix -
barbra McClintock
proved that genetic elements can sometimes change position on chromosomes making nearby genes inactive and active -
Erwin Chargaff
different species differs in its proportions of adenine and guanine
Base pairing
Chargaffs rule; in any given sample you will find equal amounts of all the bases -
watson & crick
along with the help of all the scientists before them, Watson & Crick came up with a scale model of the DNA double helix shape, they tried many times, but when they saw photo 51 they knew exactly how to shape the model. -
meslon & stahl
confirmed Watson and cricks model by showing each daughter DNA molecule contains one subunit and one DNA daughter subunit -
Frederick Sanger
proved that proteins/ amino acids were ordered molecules.
was able to prove the deoxy method applicable to dna -
paul berg
the first scientist who insert foreign genes into other viruses
he graduated high school at 16 and went to Penn State -
Mullis
created the polymerase chain reaction.
a process of amplifying millions of more DNA molecules of a particular segment, its used in medicine -
Venter
developed a way to find genes 1990
he built a human genome which took three years