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1642
1642 the first mechanical adding machine, built by mathematician
and scientist, Blaise Pascal. This first mechanical calculator, the Pascaline. He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers directly and to perform multiplication and division through repeated addition or subtraction.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvKLM_O1Wx0 -
Period: to
The evolution of computers
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1672
The stepped reckoner, also known as Leibniz calculator, was a digital mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz around 1672. It was able to perform all four arithmetic operations. He was also the first to lay down the concepts of binary arithmetic, -
Steam-driven calculating machine
1821: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers. Funded by the British government, the project, called the "Difference Engine" fails due to the lack of technology at the time. https://youtu.be/XSkGY6LchJs -
Alan Turing's machine
1936: Alan Turing, a British scientist and mathematician, presents the principle of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, Turing machines are capable of computing anything that is computable.Despite its simplicity, the machine can simulate ANY computer algorithm, no matter how complicated it is! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3keLeMwfHY&t=71s -
1937
1936, German engineer, Konrad Zuse, invented the world's first programmable computer. This device read instructions from punched
tape and was the first computer to use boolean logic and binary to make decisions, through the use of relays. -
1942
1942, the first digital computer was built by John Atanasoff and his graduate student Clifford Berry, the computer was dubbed the ABC. Unlike previously built computers like those built by Zuse, the ABC was purely digital - it used vacuum tubes to do the arithmetic calculations. to solve up to 29 equations at a time. -
Eniac
1943: Two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, design and build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). The U.S. Army, needed to calculate complex wartime ballistics tables. The result was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), the first large-scale computer to run at electronic speed. https://youtu.be/dkOgbK4W1to -
1943
1943, the Colossus was built in collaboration with Alan Turing, to assist in breaking German crypto codes, not to be confused with
Turing's bombe that actually solved Enigma -
The first computer language
1953-Grace Hopper develops the first computer language, which eventually becomes known as COBOL, which stands for COmmon, Business-Oriented Language according to the National Museum of American History. -
Floppy disk
1971: A team of IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart invents the "floppy disk," enabling data to be shared among different computers. -
APPLE I
1976: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak co-found Apple Computer on April Fool's Day. They unveil Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board and ROM (Read Only Memory), according to MIT. -
THE COMMODORE
1977: The Commodore Personal Electronic Transactor (PET), is released onto the home computer market, featuring an MOS Technology 8-bit 6502 microprocessor, which controls the screen, keyboard and cassette player. The PET is especially successful in the education market, according to O'Regan. -
1977
1977: The first West Coast Computer Faire is held in San Francisco. Jobs and Wozniak present the Apple II computer at the Faire, which includes color graphics and features an audio cassette drive for storage. -
IBM COMPUTER
1981: IBM's first personal computer, is released onto the market at a price point of $1,565, according to IBM. Acorn uses the MS-DOS operating system from Windows. Optional features include a display, printer, two diskette drives, extra memory, a game adapter and more. -
HTML
Tim wrote the first web page editor/browser (“WorldWideWeb.app”) and the first web server (“httpd“). By the end of 1990, the first web page was served on the open internet, and in 1991, people outside of CERN were invited to join this new web community. -
APPLE MACINTOSH
1984: The Apple Macintosh is announced to the world during a Superbowl advertisement. The Macintosh is launched with a retail price of $2,500, according to the NMAH. -
DNA COMPUTING STUDIES
L. ADLEMAN DEVELOPED THE DNA COMPUTING STUDIES: https://youtu.be/60Gi5lqL-dA -
MAC OS X
Mac OS X, later renamed OS X then simply macOS, is released by Apple as the successor to its standard Mac Operating System. -
BIOLOGICAL COMPUTER
STANFORD RESEARCHES CREATED A SORT OF BIOLOGICAL COMPUTER. Biological computers are made of living cells. Instead of carrying electrical wiring, these computers use chemical inputs and other biologically derived molecules, such as proteins and DNA, to perform computational calculations that involve storing, retrieving and processing data. -
QUANTUM CLOUD COMPUTING
The first reprogrammable quantum computer was created.