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First Generation of Computers
1946 was the start of the computer generations. During this revolution there were many technological advances and inventions. Some of these included the very first computer which was the ENIAC, or the vacuum tubes and magnetic drums that stored memory. Some of these computers took up to 3,100 square feet of floor space, and some only took up as little as 25ft by 40ft. in this generation many things were invented by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, whom ran the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. many -
ENIAC Computer
Made by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. It was a plug board and switches, and it could do 5,000 operations per second. It took up 1,000 sq. ft. of floor space. -
Williams tube
Made by Sir Fredrick Williams at Manchester University. It used a Cathode-ray to paint dots and dashes of the phosphorescent charges, which represents the bianary ones and zeros. -
EDSAC
Made by Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University. This was the first practical stored-programming computer. It's memory could hold 1k words and 17 bits. -
IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator
This calculator could do 50 multiplications per second. It took up to about 25ft by 40ft of room space. It used 20,000 relays and 12,500 vacuum tubes. -
Manchester Mark I
This type of computer was the prototype for Ferranti Corp,'s first computer. The memory was stored by Cathode ray tubes and a magnetic drum. It could fit in a medium sized room. This computer took a full two years to complete. -
SEAC
Formally known as the "Standards Eastern Automatic Computer" was built by the National Bureau of Standards. It was the first computer to use all-diode logic, which was more reliable than vacuum tubes. And it was also the first stored program computer completed in the U.S. -
ERA 1101
Built by the Associates of Minneapolis. It was the first commercially produced computer. It could hold 1million bits. It was also used by the Navy. For memory it used the magnetic drum, which could store as many as 4,000 words and it could get a word in five thousandths of a second. -
A-O
Created by Grace Hopper, it was the first complier. (which meant it could use english like words instead of numbers). It also used magnetic tape which was good because it was inexpensive and it held mass storage. -
IBM's first electronic computer
Used by the Federal government and laboratories. -
IBM 650 magnetic drum calculator
First mass-produced computer selling a total of 450 in one year. Much faster access to stored material then drum memory machines. -
TRADIC
Made by AT&T Bell Labortories. It was the first fully transistorized computer. Contained over 800 transistors which took the place of vacuum tubes. -
TX-O
Built by MIT and was built with transistors -
FORTRAN
Short for FORmula Transistor. FORTRAN was the new computer language, and it was better because you could perform a repetitive task by only using one small command. -
SAGE
Semi-Automatic-Ground-Enviroment linked hundreds of radio stations together in the U.S. and Canada. It was the first large scale computer network.To work it you touched a light gun to it's screen. -
Whirl WInd II
Used by the Air defense system in 1958. It used 55,000 vacuum tubes, 13,000 transistors, and 175,000 diodes. It was created to prove that resistors and capacitors could resist on the same thing. -
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Second Generation of Computers
During 1958 and 1964, there were many improvements on the computer. During this time period, the second generation of the computer was invented. Many important things were developed during the second generation, such as Air defense system operated on the AN/FSQ-& computer, planer process, and the minicomputer DEC’s PDP-1. Businesses like Tandy Radio Shack began selling many types of computers during 1963. In 1964, IBM made the System/360 a family of six mutually compatible computers to help them -
IBM's 7000 series
Was IBM's first transistorized computer. The transistors were more reliable than vacuum tubes and they were much faster working too. This series had nine computers in total. -
DEC's PDP
A PDP was a mini computer, that only required one operator. It used a cathode ray tube graphic display,and needed no air conditioning to cool it off either. -
Start of general use of computers
IBM's had an 81.2% share in the computer market at this time. All of IBM's computers made in this era changed from having vacuum tubes to transistors. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computer. -
LINC
Labortory-Insturmentation-Computer was the first to use real time data processing. This computer was designed at Lincoln Labs, by Westly Clark. -
Tandy Radio Shack founded
Began selling many diffrent types of computers, and is still open today, but known just as Radio Shack, -
IMB announced the system 360
• IBM announced the system/360 A family of six mutually compatible computers and 40 peripherals that could work together.
• Performed up to 3 million instructions per second, process speed three times faster.
• In 1968 part of the speed came from the computer’s design, which had 10 small computers also known as peripheral processors, that puts data in a large central processing unit.
• JOSS ( Johnniac Open Shop System ) Had made a system to make it easier for time sharing.
• Thomas Kurtz and Joh -
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Third Generation of Computers
The third generation of the computer was developed during the years of 1964 to 1970. During this generation, minicomputers were becoming more popular. The first commercially successful minicomputer, which sold for $18,000, was invented in 1965. This computer helped people and businesses gain access quicker because it was a small size, a lot faster, and a reasonable cost. In 1966, Hewlett-Packed invented the HP-2115, which helped smaller computers support a wide variety of languages. In 1970, Dr. -
System 360
Built by IBM, and was a family of computers that were mutaully compatible and that could all work together. -
CDS Super Computer
Designed by Seymour Cray in 1964. It could work on 3 million instructions per second. -
PDP the first successful minicomputer
• PDP- 8: The first commercially successful minicomputer, which sold for $18,000.
• This was a small size, a lot faster, and reasonable cost, which allowed thousands of manufacturing plants, and small businesses to have in their stores.
• A team led by Ed Feigenbaum created DENDRAL, the first expert system, or program designed to execute the accumulated expertise of specialists.
• Kristen Nygaard and Ole-John Dahl. Simula grouped data and instructions into blocks calles objects, each representin -
ILLIAC IV
• ILLIAC IV, achieved a computation speed of 200 million instructions per second, about 300 million operations per second, and 1 billion bits per second.
• Hewlett- Packed invented the HP-2115, which had a computational power formerly found only in much larger computers, supported a wide variety of languages. -
Fairchild Camera
• Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corp. built the first standard metal oxide semiconductor product for data processing applications, an eight- bit arithmetic unit and accumulator ( also known as a computer chip ).
• The LOGO was designed to draw attention to the children , the logo was controlled by a mechanical “turtle” which traced the path with pen on paper.• In 1967 they developed the first photo-digital storage system.
• The system could read and write up to a trillion bits of information -
Special Graphics
• They devolped a special graphics computer known as a frame buffer.
• The Apollo Guidance Computer made its debut orbiting the earth on Apollo 7, which later steered the Apollo 11. -
Stanford Arm
• Stanford Arm made a breakthrough as the first successful electrically powered computer controlled robot arm.
• Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer, UNIX combined many of the timecharing and file management -
Research Program
• Dr. George Pake lead a new research program, which attracted some of the United States top computer scientists.
• The new inventions he made were personal computer, graphical use interface, Ethernet, the laser printer, and the object-oriented programming. -
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Fourth Generation of Computers
During 1970 and 2011, the fourth generation of the computer was developed. The fourth generation of the computer improved the way the computer thought. In 1980, Seagate Technology created the first hard disk drive for minicomputers. This invention helped more people because the minicomputer became mobile and easier to access different places. In 1990, New Tek invented the video toaster, which helped in video editing and the production of videos. The fourth generation of the computer helped peopl -
Invented the 8800
• Ed Roberts invented the 8800- which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term “personal computer.”
• The computer came with 256 bytes of memory and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the s-100. -
Formed a company
• Brothers Doug and Gary Carlston formed a company to market the games Doug had created. The games were Galactic Empire, Galactic trades and Galactic Revolution.
• Seagate Technology created the first hard disk drive for microcomputers, the ST506. Which held 5 megabytes of data, five times as much as a standard floppy disk. -
Modern Internet
• The modern Internet gained support when the National Science Foundation formed the NSFNET, linking five supercomputer centers at Princeton University, Pittsburgh, University of California at San Diego, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, and Cornell University.
• Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant started an on-line Bulletin Board Sytem (BBS) too build a “virtual community”. -
Video Toaster
• Video Toaster is introduced by NewTek, the video Toaster was a video editing and production system for the Amiga line of computers and included custom hardware and special software. -
Computers Continue
-A glitch in a computer in the Washing D.C. air traffic control causes a shutdown of air traffic across the U.S. East Coast January 6, 2000.
-The domain twitter.com comes online January 21, 2000. -
Approximately 1 billion PCs
-Approximately 1 billion PCs have been shipped worldwide since the mid-'70s, according to a study released by consulting firm Gartner.
-The first of code that would later become Mozilla Firefox is made available September 23, 2002. -
Facebook
Facebook was launched to help people connect with each other over a computer system or cell phone. Facebook did not become mobile until later on. -
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The Fifth Generation
The fifth generation computer is based on artificial intelligence. Fifth generation computers are computers from the generation from now and the future. These computers are supposed to be based on allowing them to think, reason, and learn. Fifth generation computers deal with many different areas that help computers gain speed, and access reliable information faster. Parallel-processing and superconductors are just a couple types of fifth generation computer technological developments. The fifth -
New Software Development for Infrastructure
New Software Development for Infrastructure. This software improved correctness, reliability, efficiency, and maintainability of future computers and computers now. -
13-inch MacBook Pro
13-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display. This computer is a new development to make your computer more accessible. -
New and Improved Tablets
Tablets will try to be able to hook up to cell phones and switch data between them. The tablets will be able to upload the photos directly from the cell phone. -
Microsoft Office 2013 will Embrace Web Development
Microsoft Office 2013 will embrace Web development on future computers. This will help developers and administrators to use open Web technologies to build their add-on apps. -
Apple MacBook Nano
Apple MacBook Nano possibly coming out with new ways on touchscreen and voice activation development.
