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William Gilbert
English researcher who invented the word "electricity" to define the force that attracted some materials, recalling the Greek word elektron. -
Pieter Van Musschenbroek
His experiment was based on, if electricity flowed like water, it could be stored like liquids, giving way to his experiment called the Leyden jar, which consisted of a glass bottle filled with water and connected at one end to a conducting wire. , connected to Hauksbee's electrical generator and placed on an insulating material. One day he accidentally took the bottle, touched its cap and passed current to it, concluding that electricity could be conserved. -
Guillermo Marconi
He invented the transmission of radio waves over long distances. Also, he developed a wireless telegraphy system. In 1909 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics. -
Invention of electricity
In 1747 Benjamin Franklin began his experiments on electricity. He was convinced that storms were electrical phenomena and proposed a foolhardly metod to prove it. -
Tomas Alva Edison
American inventor who developed various devices that revolutionized society: the telegraph, light bulb, phonograph, carbon microphone, designed nickel-iron rechargeable batteries, Kinetoscope, phonograph, mimeograph, dictaphone, incandescent lamp and the first central electricity for public lighting. He also registered 1093 patents in his name in the United States, in addition to others in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. -
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FIRST GENERATION
- Computers were made by vacuum tubes. The vacuum tube is a glass tube with its gas removed, creating a vacuum. Vacuum tubes contain electrodes for controlling electron flow and were used in early computers as a switch or an amplifier.
- Very large. An entire room.
- Expensive. 500.000$ for one.
- Required a huge amount of electricity. 150 kilowatts more o less.
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ENIAC womens
It was the first electronic computer. It was programmed by six women, mathematicians: Betty Snyder Holberton, Jean Jennings Bartik, Kathleen McNulty Mauchly Antonelli, Marlyn Wescoff Meltzer, Ruth Lichterman Teitelbaum, and Frances Bilas Spence. They had worked together manually calculating bomb trajectories in World War II. -
The ENIAC
ENIAC, in full Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer, built during World War II by the United States. American physicist John Mauchly.
ENIAC was something less than the dream of a universal computer. Designed specifically for computing values for artillery range tables,it lacked some features that would have made it a more generally useful machine.
It was the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer. -
Evelyn Berezin
Born in 1925, she invented the office computer in 1953 when she was working at Underwood. Developed the first flight reservation system. It is known as the mother of word processors since in 1968 it developed the idea of a program that would allow texts to be stored and edited. -
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SECOND GENERATION
- Made by transistors. Transistors are at the top of today's electronic technology. The development of the bipolar transistor or bipolar junction transistor, BJT, has brought about many changes in the world.
- Smaller, cheaper and faster. The second generation of computers replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. That's why second-generation computers are smaller and use less electricity than the previous generation.
They were improved so they were smaller and therefore cheaper.
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Successful machine
IBM shipped the transistor-based IBM 1401 mainframe, which used punched cards. It proved to be a general purpose computer and 12,000 units were sold, making it the most successful machine up to that time. It had a magnetic core memory of 4,000 characters (later extended to 16,000 characters). -
Microprogramming
Maurice Wilkes invents microprogramming, which greatly simplifies CPU development. -
Grace Murray Hopper
Grace Murray Hopper (1906-1996) was one of the three people who designed a program for the first electromagnetic computer, the Mark I. She participated in the creation of the first commercial computers, Binac and UNIVAC I. She supervised the department that developed the first compiler and the first management-oriented high-level programming language, on which COBOL would be inspired. He foresaw artificial intelligence, parallel processors, and the everyday use of computers. -
The first computer game
The first computer game, called Spacewar!
Spacewar! is a space combat video game developed in 1962 by Steve Russell in collaboration with Martin Graetz, Wayne Wiitanen, Bob Saunders, Steve Piner, and others. -
Lynn Conway
Born in 1938. Pioneer in the field of computer architecture and microelectronics. Much of the evolution in silicon chip design is based on his work. In 1965 he participated in the first superscalar computer. -
The Edgar series
IBM announced the first group of machines built with integrated circuits, which received the name of the Edgar series. This can be found in the first generation of computers. -
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THIRD GENERATION
- Made by integrated circuits. An integrated circuit, sometimes called a chip, microchip or microelectronic circuit, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors are fabricated.
- Third generation computers were smaller, cheaper and fastest because they already knew more things and then everything was better.
- Computers had fever mistakes because they learn about their mistakes.
- Computers used less electricity.
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Microsoft
Paul Allen and Bill Gates start their software company, Microsoft. And in 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak co-founded Apple Computer and introduced the Apple I, the first computer with a single circuit board and ROM. -
MITS Altair 8800
Its processor was an 8-bit Intel 8080; it could be expanded using removable cards, and, as we can see in the photograph, on the front panel it had 25 switches that were used to turn it on, turn it off, load binary data into main memory and operate with them. The output of each program was delivered by turning on and off the LED diodes that it had on the front, so it did not need a monitor. However, using it was very difficult. -
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FOURTH GENERATION
- Microprocessors. Any of a type of miniature electronic device that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry necessary to perform the functions of a digital computer’s central processing unit. In effect, this kind of integrated circuit can interpret and execute program instructions as well as handle arithmetic operations.
- Computers in this generation computers began been smaller than is the rest of the generation, so they were cheaper. They were as small that bacome portable.
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Tandy TRS-80
This peculiar personal computer was an unexpected success. Tandy put it on the market in early 1977 to compete with the Apple II, and although it failed to intimidate the Apple team, it sold more than 250,000 units. In any case, what makes it special, and the reason it has gone down in history, is that it was the first personal computer to incorporate all of its electronic logic in the same enclosure as the keyboard. -
Apple II
This was the computer that laid the foundation for the Apple we all know today. Its predecessor, the Apple I, was a handcrafted personal computer that had little impact beyond electronics enthusiasts. The Apple II inherited some of its predecessor's features, but it had a much more attractive design, a professional finish, and was mass-produced. -
Atari 800
In the late 1970s, Atari was doing well thanks largely to the success of the 2600 console, but company executives decided to develop a line of personal computers that would allow them to compete with the equally successful Apple II. The 8-bit Atari 800 was released alongside the more modest 400 model, and featured a 1.7 MHz MOS Technology 6502B processor, 16 KB of RAM, and the Atari DOS operating system. This was the machine that paved the way for Atari in the personal computer market. -
Commodore VIC-20
Although its popularity did not match that of the Commodore 64 two years later, the VIC-20 was the true forerunner of the personal computer that we have raised to the second position in this classification. It had a MOS Technology 6502 processor running at just over 1 MHz and just 5 KB of RAM (expandable to 32 KB), but it was enough to lay the foundations on which the Commodore 64 and Amiga were built soon after. which were the greatest successes of this company. -
IBM PC 5150
Our ranking is headed, and we think deservedly, by the first PC in history.
That first PC incorporated an Intel 8088 microprocessor running at 4.77 MHz, between 16 and 64 KB of RAM, a Motorola 6845 video address generator, and a monochrome monitor. Its operating system was PC DOS and it had been developed by a still young Microsoft, but IBM's greatest success was to use an open architecture that could be used by other manufacturers without paying license fees. -
Sinclair ZX81
In the early 1980s, personal computers were not popular. They were not because of their price, which put them out of reach for many people. And not because of their vocation, which only made them attractive in the eyes of enthusiasts. Sir Clive Sinclair attempted to break this trend by placing an inexpensive and versatile machine on the market. And this ZX81, the true precursor of the Spectrum, was his bet. -
Osborne 1
Despite its 11 kg of weight, this curious personal computer has gone down in history as the first portable computer that had a reasonably important success. To fine-tune it, Adam Osborne was inspired by the NoteTaker device developed three years earlier by Xerox PARC (there is some consensus that this was the first laptop in history), and equipped it with a 4 MHz Zilog Z80 processor, 64 KB of RAM, and also with a small 5-inch monochrome screen. -
NEC PC-8800
This personal computer had a modest impact in the United States and Canada, but in Japan, which was the country in which it was born, it was an overwhelming success. In fact, we can consider it "the Japanese Spectrum". And it is that, in addition to sharing a huge commercial success with the Sinclair machine, some models of the PC-8800 family opted for microprocessors compatible with the Zilog Z80 of the Sinclair equipment. It is still a revered machine in Japan today. -
Dragon 32/64
Although this 8-bit personal computer was overwhelmed by the overwhelming success of computers released during the first half of the 1980s by Sinclair, Commodore, and Amstrad, it was a very popular machine. It sold approximately 200,000 units in the European market, a modest number compared to what was sold by, for example, the ZX Spectrum or the Commodore 64, but it was widely used to teach BASIC programming. Therein lies his legacy and the reason why many of us remember him with nostalgia. -
Commodore 64
The cover letter of this 8-bit microcomputer is impressive: it is the best-selling personal computer in history. The most optimistic estimates defend that throughout its commercial life it sold 17 million units, which led it to dominate the world market for much of the 1980s. IBM, Apple and Atari, which were the main competitors of Commodore at the time, failed to stop the unyielding thrust of this little computer. -
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
The ZX Spectrum was not the 8-bit computer with the best hardware. It was also not the best seller. And yet, it is a machine with enormous historical relevance because its moderate price allowed several million users to access personal computing at a time when its competitors were significantly more expensive. -
MSX
This personal computer competed head-to-head with the Sinclair, Amstrad and Commodore machines, although in Europe its popularity was less than that achieved by the other 8-bit computers. His fiefdom was Japan. There the MSX platform had a huge impact. In fact, brands such as Sony, Panasonic, Sharp, Sanyo, JVC or Toshiba, among many others, picked up the gauntlet that Microsoft and ASCII, the promoters of the platform, threw at them in mid-1983. -
Keyboard, mouse and screen
Steve Jobs introduced the first Macintosh computer, which included a keyboard, mouse, and a small 9-inch screen. Its launch price was $2,495. -
Amstrad CPC 464
This was the personal computer with which the British company Amstrad, which until then had only made televisions, radios and stereos, plunged into the burgeoning personal computer market. Alan Sugar, its founder, wanted to compete with Sinclair and Commodore machines, and to a large extent he succeeded, achieving notable success in markets such as the British or Spanish. -
Apple Macintosh
The first Mac has gone down in history not only because of its very remarkable commercial success; also for being the first personal computer with a massive reach that offered users a graphical interface with which it was possible to interact using a mouse. The Lisa model arrived a year earlier and had it too, but its commercial impact was limited. -
Atari ST
This 16-bit personal computer was Atari's answer to Commodore's Amiga 1000 (the Amiga 500 came two years later). Jack Tramiel, the founder of Commodore, had left the company he had built through the back door a year earlier, but he did not hesitate to buy Atari's consumer division from Warner to compete in the personal computer market with the same ferocity with which he had done at Commodore's head. -
Commodore Amiga 1000
The first working prototype of the Amiga was ready to be unveiled at CES in Chicago in 1984. At that time Jay Miner, the creator of this machine, and his collaborators only had a handful of printed circuit boards connected to each other by wires. a tangle of wires. And, even so, his personal computer captivated all those present for its exceptional graphic and sound capabilities. -
Commodore Amiga 500
Commodore's Amiga 500 has acquired the status of a legendary personal computer. And he has earned it. Having this 16-bit machine at the end of the 1980s was a luxury that not all users could afford, but those who were lucky enough to get one were able to enjoy a wide range of software in which many games with graphic quality stood out. and sound similar to that offered by arcade machines. -
HP 100LX
It looks like a calculator, but it's not. Its predecessor, the 95LX, was the first professionally compact personal computer to fit in a jacket pocket, and with the 100LX HP further refined its offering. This latter computer had a 7.9 MHz Intel 80C186 processor, 1 MB of RAM, and a monochrome screen that allowed owners to enter commands and run applications using the MS-DOS 5 command interpreter. -
Apple iMac
The personal computer that you can see in the photograph is the first iMac launched by Apple in 1998. This team kicked off a family of computers that is still very much in force today, although its design has changed a lot. The main hallmark of all iMacs is that they do not resort to a desktop or tower box; they "hide" all their electronic components in the same enclosure where the screen resides. -
The WiFi
In 1999 a breakthrough is achieved with the creation of Wi-Fi, which initially covers a distance of 91 meters. -
MacOS
Finally, in 2001, the macOS operating system was born, instead of the standard Mac. In 2004 the Mozilla Firefox 1.0 browser was launched, in 2005 Google bought Android and in 2009 Windows launched Windows 7 on the market. -
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FIFTH GENERATION
- Sciencist are trying to develope how to make and improve it.
- This computers think on their own.
- Artificial Intelligence will be real in this generation
