the modern age: a complementary timeline

  • Period: 1300 to

    Renaissance

    The Renaissance, spanning from the 14th to the 17th century, marked a significant cultural revival in Europe that emphasized art, science, and humanism. This period gave rise to influential figures such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who played a crucial role in shaping modern Western thought.
  • 1420

    florece cathedral´s dome , by Brunelleschi

    florece cathedral´s dome , by Brunelleschi
    The dome of the Florence Cathedral, designed by Brunelleschi and finished in 1420, stands as a remarkable feat of engineering. With its double-shell structure and groundbreaking brickwork techniques, it became the largest brick dome ever constructed without the use of scaffolding.
  • 1498

    Pietà, by michelangelo buonarroti

    Pietà, by michelangelo buonarroti
    Michelangelo’s Pietà, created in 1498, depicts the Virgin Mary cradling the body of Christ. This marble sculpture is celebrated for its profound emotional expression and intricate details, and it can be found in St. Peter's Basilica.
  • 1509

    The school of Athens , by Raphael Sanzio

    The school of Athens , by Raphael Sanzio
    The School of Athens, created by Raphael in 1509, showcases renowned Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. It is celebrated for its impressive perspective and composition, and can be found in the Stanza della Segnatura at the Vatican.
  • Period: 1520 to 1521

    The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla

    The Revolt of the Comuneros (1520-1521) was a rebellion in Castile against Charles I of Spain, fueled by resistance to heavy taxation and royal authority. It ended in defeat at the Battle of Villalar, which ultimately reinforced the power of the monarchy.
  • Period: 1568 to 1571

    The rebellion of the Alpujarras

    The Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571) was an uprising by the Moriscos in Granada, sparked by oppressive taxes and religious persecution. It was ultimately suppressed by Philip II, resulting in widespread expulsions.
  • Period: 1568 to

    The Eigthy Years War

    The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) was a conflict between the Dutch and Spain, primarily centered on the quest for independence and religious freedom. The war concluded with the Treaty of Westphalia, which acknowledged the independence of the Dutch Republic.
  • Period: to

    Baroque art

    Baroque art, which flourished during the 17th and 18th centuries, is celebrated for its dramatic expression, striking contrasts, and deep emotional intensity. Notable artists from this period include Caravaggio, Rembrandt, and Bernini.
  • the defeat of the spanis armada by England

    the defeat of the spanis armada by England
    The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 marked a significant victory for England’s navy, commanded by Sir Francis Drake. This triumph over Spain was largely attributed to unfavorable weather conditions and strategic mistakes, signaling a change in the balance of naval power.
  • Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini

    Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
    Apollo and Daphne, created by Bernini in 1622, captures the dramatic moment when Daphne turns into a laurel tree to flee from Apollo. This exquisite Baroque sculpture is celebrated for its lively movement and intricate realism, and it can be found in the Borghese Gallery in Rome.
  • Saint Peter´s square project

    Saint Peter´s square project
    The Saint Peter's Square (1656), created by Bernini, showcases an oval plaza encircled by colonnades, representing the Church’s welcoming of the faithful. It adds a touch of magnificence to the entrance of St. Peter’s Basilica.
  • the spinners, by Velazquez

    the spinners, by Velazquez
    The Spinners (1657) by Velázquez illustrates the myth of Arachne and Athena engaged in a weaving contest. Renowned for its use of light and composition, this masterpiece is located in the Prado Museum.
  • Period: to

    Neoclassical art

    Neoclassical art, which flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries, emphasized simplicity, order, and themes from classical antiquity. Notable artists from this period include Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.
  • Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David

    Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
    The Oath of the Horatii (1784) by Jacques-Louis David depicts three brothers pledging their loyalty to their father before heading into battle. This neoclassical painting highlights themes of duty and sacrifice.
  • Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de goya

    Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de goya
    Carlos IV of Spain and His Family (1800) by Goya portrays the royal family while subtly critiquing their grandeur. The painting is located in the Prado Museum.