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Jun 8, 632
Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph
Abu Bakr led the pilgrimage to Mecca and was appointed to lead the public prayers during Mohammed's last illness. By signs as slight as these, he was marked out as caliph. Abu Bakr Was the first caliph to rule after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr was the father-in-law of Muhammad and was an early convert to Islam. He was known as "The Truthful." During his reign,he put down rebellions by various Arab tribes and established the Caliphate as the ruling force in the Islamic empire. -
Aug 23, 634
Umar ibn Al-Khattāb becomes the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Abu Bakr chose Umar as the next caliph. He followed the practices of Abu Bakr, with a stronger and uncompromising emphasis. Before accepting Islam, Umar ibn al-Khattab was an enemy of prophet Muhammad. During the time of his reign, the Islamic Empire expanded significantly. He took control of the Middle East including conquering the Sassanids of Iraq. He then took control of many surrounding areas including Egypt, Syria, and North Africa. -
Jul 16, 639
Caliph 'Umar, Started the Muslim Calendar
Caliph 'Umar started the Muslim calendar counting it from the lunar month, Muharram, in the year of the Prophet's migration to Medina, 16 July in 622 CE. http://www.ducksters.com/history/islam/four_caliphs.php -
Nov 6, 644
Uthman ibn Affan becomes the third caliph
Umar's reign comes to an end when he is murdered by a Persian slave. Uthman becomes the third caliph. He centralizes the administration of the caliphate and establishes an official version of the Qurʾān. Uthman was a shrewd businessman and a successful trader from his youth, which contributed greatly to the Rashidun Empire. Uthman was known for his dedication to the faith and his generosity. It is documented that he spent much of his wealth on charity and assisting the nascent Muslim community. -
Jun 18, 656
Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph
After Uthman is killed by rebels due to his nepotism, Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph. Ali was Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law. Ali was also the son of an influential Sheikh in the Quraysh tribe of central Arabia. He is considered by many to be the first male convert to Islam. Ali was known as a wise leader who wrote many speeches and proverbs. He was assassinated while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa.
http://www.softschools.com/timelines/rashidun_caliphate_timeline/33 -
