The Five Generations of Computers By: Alfredo Díaz, Dilis Lara, Francisco Pastrana, Karina Osorio, and Milena Serna

First Generation: Vacuum Tubes.

1946

• The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry.
• Magnetic drums for memory.
• Were very expensive and enormous.
• Relied on machine language.
• The lowest-level programming language understood.
• Could only solve one problem at a time.
• Was based on punched cards and paper tape.
• The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first- generation computing devices.

ENIAC

1951

Second Generation: Transistors.

1956

• From 1956 to 1963
• Transistors replace vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers.
• The transistor was invented at Bell Labs in 1947.
• The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube.
• Become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable.
• Still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
• Were developed for the atomic energy industry.

Transistor

1963

Third Generation: Integrated Circuits.

1964

• From 1964 to 1971
• The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark.
• Keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
• Became accessible to a mass audience.
• Were smaller and cheaper.
• The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby.

IBM-360

1970

Fourth Generation: Microprocessors.

1971

• The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers.
• Integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
• Located all the components of the computer on a single chip.
• In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user.
• In 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
• These small computers became more powerful.
• Eventually led to the development of the Internet.

Macintonsh

1982

Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence.

1983

*From the actually to beyond.
*Based on artificial intelligence.
*Are still in development.
*Though there are some applications that are being used today.
*The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
*Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come.
*The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

The intention of the artificial intelligence is to equip to the computers with " intelligence human" and with the aptitude to reason to find solutions.

2018