The Crusades - Humanities Timeline (28/07/2022)

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  • Period: 1096 to 1099

    The First Crusade

    Pope Urban II declared the First Crusade. He did this in return of the request the Byzantine Emperor Alexios Komnenos I, which was military support from the Roman Catholic Church against his conflict with the Church. This was the only successful Crusade out of the eight.
  • Period: Oct 20, 1097 to Jun 28, 1098

    Siege of Antioch

    This siege marked the arrival of the first arrival of the First Crusade in the Holy Land. It was perfect examples of massacre, heroism and betrayal that were noticed for future sieges and battles.
  • May 7, 1104

    Battle of Harran

    The defeat of the new crusader lords in the Battle of Harran showcased the limits to Christian expansion. This temporarily stunted thoughts of expanding the community.
  • Period: Nov 28, 1144 to Dec 24, 1144

    Siege of Edessa

    The fall of this city was what sparked the beginning of the Second Crusade when it fell to the Muslims.
  • Period: 1147 to 1149

    The Second Crusade

    Marked by the fall of Edessa to the forces of the Zengi, it was marked by Pope Eugene III. It was the first of the crusades to be led by European Kings (Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany).
  • Period: Jul 1, 1147 to Oct 25, 1147

    Battle of Lisbon

    An outcome of the Second Crusade was the capture of the city of Lisbon. It later proved to be a pivotal turning point in Portugal's history, later expanding to its own independent Christian Kingdom.
  • Period: Jul 23, 1148 to Jul 28, 1148

    Siege of Damascus

    This battle was fought with united forces, Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Louis and Conrad, together they brought approximately 30,000 soldiers to attack the Syrian city of Damascus.
  • Apr 6, 1187

    Battle of Hattin

    The Battle of Hattin took place in Northern Palestine. It led the Muslims to reconquest the city of Jerusalem. Throughout this battle, supplies were scarce, and many soldiers were in capable of fighting due to bad conditions.
  • Period: 1188 to 1192

    The Third Crusade

    This Crusade was a quest to reconquer Jerusalem, led by three European monarchs by the names of Phillip II of France, Richard I of England, and Fredrick I (the Holy Roman Emperor).
  • Aug 5, 1192

    Battle of Jaffa

    The Battle of Jaffa was the final battle before the end of the Third Crusade. This battle led directly to a peace statement between England's King Richard the Lionheart and Saladin the Muslim Leader.
  • Period: 1202 to 1204

    The Fourth Crusade

    One motive of the Fourth Crusade was to create a barrier between Catholics and Orthodox Christians. This Crusade had a major effect on the Byzantine Empire, ultimately leading to its downfall.
  • Period: 1209 to 1229

    Albigensian Crusade

    This Crusade was run be Pope Innocent III. It was against a dual religious movement from southern France which was started by the Roman Catholic Church.
  • 1212

    The Children's Crusade

    Among the Crusade frenzy, around 30,000 young adults committed to the Crusaders vow and set out to reclaim Jerusalem. It was a major failure as it was not sanctioned by the Pope, making it a unofficial crusade. None of the 'children' who set out to the Holy Land made it, as they either died of natural causes on the way there, or were sold off to slavery in passing villages.
  • Period: 1217 to 1222

    The Fifth Crusade

    The Fifth Crusade was also set out to reclaim the Holy Land, including Jerusalem through capturing Egypt. It led to a Muslim victory and an eight year truce between the Crusaders and the Ayyubids.
  • Period: 1228 to 1229

    The Sixth Crusade

    The Sixth Crusade was yet another expedition to capture the city of Jerusalem. It involved the least amount of fighting out of all of the Crusades, and led to the victory of the Diplomatic Crusaders.
  • Period: 1248 to 1254

    The Seventh Crusade

    This was the first of two Crusades led by Louis IX of France. It aimed to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land through attacking the height of Muslim's power: Egypt. Unfortunately for the Crusaders, Muslim's main power station had lots of defence and led to their loss.
  • 1270

    The Eighth Crusade

    This was the second Crusade led by Louis IX of France, which also led to his death. There were no changes of land and territorial power. However, many political and economical changes were made.