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Dec 1, 1145
The Second Crusade (1145-1149)
- Second crusade summoned by the Pope to defeat the Muslims who were still threatening to retake the Holy Lands. -Large armies from England, France, Germany and other smaller nations marched to Constantinople. These armies were led by kings Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. Reached Anatolia, both kings were defeated separately giving the Turks a victory they badly needed.
- Failed due to lack of communication between both kings
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May 11, 1189
The Third Crusade
-News of fall of Jerusalem had reached Europe. Pope Urban III's successor , Gregory VIII, issued a crusade bull
-Richard I of England, Philip II of France and Barbarossa all ended their conflicts to assist the Third Crusade
-Richard won battle in Jaffa against Saladin but failed to conquer holy land. Barbarossa drowned.
- September 2, 1192 Richard and Saladin signed a treaty where Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, but also allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims to enter the city -
1199
The Fourth Crusade
1199- Pope launched crusade against Egyptians who were in control of Jerusalem
-Most from French territory marched to Venice for transport to Cairo
-Crusaders couldn't afford paying Venice for their service. The Venetians asked for their help to capture a Byzantine port, Zara, as payment.
-Large army of 15,000 thousand crusaders and thousands of Venetians sailed there. Zara captured, captured Constantinople 1204. Thousands of works of art,and treasures were either destroyed or stolen. -
1217
The Fifth Crusade
-1213 Pope Innocent III called crusade.
-1217 Crusaders left for Acre. Joined John of Brienne, ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and Prince Bohemund IV of the Kingdom of Antioch
- Oliver of Cologne and the count of Holland, William I, arrived allied with the Seljuk Sultan of Rum.
-1218, Crusaders attack Damietta
- Crusaders trapped behind flooded canal,Christians ordered retreat.The sultan captured the army and demanded to have Damietta back, garrison agrees. -
1228
The Sixth Crusade
-Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II launches crusade to recover Jerusalem. -Pope excommunicated the emperor
-Frederick recruited an enormous army, sailed to Syria in 1228, arrived at Acre.
- Marched toward the sultan of Egypt, Al-Kamil, pretending to have a larger army with the hope of gaining Jerusalem through diplomacy. The sultan was busy with a rebellion in Syria, gave up Jerusalem, Nazareth and other smaller towns in exchange for a ten-year truce.
