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Steam cells term
The term "Stem cell" appears in the scientific literature at 1868 in the works of Ernst Haeckel. -
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Injected animals
A study by E. Shelton and others showed if they injected animals that have survive to lethal radiation with donor bone marrow cells, the hematopoietic stem cells must reside in bone marrow as normally. -
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A new method
Robert Briggs and Thomas J. king development a method that permits to transfer a nucleus cell from one cell into another. This process is still an esdential method in medicine -
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The first transplant
Studies showed a Transplant of the first human bone marrow cell by E. Donnall Thomas, that won a Nobel Prize on 1990 -
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Tags on cells
Scientific found that cells have molecular identifications tags, antigens, that may cause an attack to no-known cells by the immune system -
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Twins are compatible
The first successful hematopoietic stem cells transplant with two identical twins, they have an identical immune system -
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Genetic marker
J.E. Till and others found that almost all the cell s within newly formed cell colonies have the same genetic marker -
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Vitro fertilizated baby
Is the fertilization of human eggs in laboratory, which is then transferred to the mothers womb -
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Cells
Specialized tissue cells can be altered into other cell types Andrew B. Lassar, Bruce M. Patterson, and Harold Weintraub showed that by artificially inserting and activating a specific gene they could change one type of specialized cell into another. researchers might be able to make artificial cells types if the necessary genes are found and activated. -
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Regenerative medicine
The concept of "regenerative medicine" throughout the 1990's scientists and clinicians began to discuss new methods and technologies may develop that allow cells, tissues or even whole organs to be replaced or repaired. the first written reference to the newly emerging field as "regenerative medicine" is found in a publication in 1992 -
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Dolly the sheep
Dolly the sheep, the first clone of an adult the nuclear transfer method was used to put the nucleus of an established cell line grown in the laboratory into a sheep egg lacking a nucleus. Sir Ian Wilmut created Dolly for establishing a procedure for introducing precise genetic change into livestock. It was a demonstration of the power of cloning technology -
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They are important
Successful isolation of embryonic stem cells researchers began making significant discoveries as to what genes are needed for embryonic stem cells to be pluripotent and self-renewing. the first gene found to be essential for embryonic stem cell pluripotency was found in 1998 by Austin Smith and others. Over the next seven years, many laboratories began reporting other genes that are important for stem cell functions. -
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Hope for medicine
Breakthrough of the year science, the journal devoted to scientific and medical matters, says stem cells research tue breakthrough of the year. the magazine says stem cell technology "raises hopes of dazzling medical applications and also forces scientists to reconsider fundamental ideas about how cells grow up"