-
330
Artistotle's works
His biological works like The Generation of Animals,raised questions about heredity, reproduction and devolopement. -
Jan 1, 1000
first visoin aid
The first vision aid was invented (inventor unknown) called a reading stone. It was a glass sphere that magnified when laid on top of reading materials. -
Jan 1, 1284
First wearable eye glasses
Salvino D'Armate is credited with inventing the first wearable eye glasses. -
Jan 1, 1300
Art of grindinding lenses to improve eyesight in Italy
The art of grinding lenses is developed in Italy and spectacles are made to improve eyesight. -
First Microscope made by Ducth lens grinders.
Placed two lens in a tube. -
first discorvery of "Cells"
Robert hooke saw "cells" in a slice of cork -
Robert hooke Studies arious objects with his microscope
Published results in "Microgaphia". Also a description of cork. -
Francesco Redi's experiment
did an experiment to determine if rotting meat turned into flies. He found that meat can't turn into flies. Only flies could make more flies.This was an important experiment because it helped to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a simple microscope to observe blood, insects and many other objects.
He was first to describe cells and bacteria, seen through his very small microscopes with, for his time, extremely good lenses. -
Several technical innovations make microscopes easier to use.
which leads to microscopy becoming more and more popular among scientists. An important discovery is that lenses combining two types of glass could reduce the chromatic effect, with its disturbing halos resulting from differences in refraction of light. -
John Needham
He explained that soup that had been exposed to the air contained many micro organisms. He claimed that there was a "life force" present in the molecules of all inorganic matter, including air and the oxygen in it, that could cause spontaneous generation to occur. -
Lazzaro Spallanzani
tried variations on John Needham’s soup experiments. He determined that soup in a sealed container was sterile and that micro organisms that caused the soup to spoil had entered from the air not spontaneous generation -
Joseph Jackson Lister reduces the problem with spherical aberration
by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without blurring the image. -
Mattias Schleiden and the nucleus
first to recognize the importance in the cell's nucleus. He stated that the different parts of plants are composed of cells. He was also the co-founder of the cell-division theory. -
Theodore Schwann and cytoplasm
He discovered its jelly like substance.he also saw that the cytoplasm of an animal cell is completely different and that it serves a different purpose. He also discovered that new plant cells come from the nucleus of older cells. -
cell theory
Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden created what is called the cell theory. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells -
Father of Pathology
Rudolf Virchow showed in experiments that bone cells could develop from cartilage cells. He also made microscopic observations of dividing cells from multi-celluar organisms. He concluded that cells divide to produce more cells. -
Creation of the Germ Theory
Louis Pasteur performed a series of experiments leading to the findings of the cures for diseases such as puerperal fever, rabies and anthrax. Invented pasteurization (sterilization by heat). He created the theory. -
Ernst Abbe formultes a mathematical theory
correlating resolution to the wavelength of light. Abbes formula make calculations of maximum resolution in microscopes possible. -
Richard Zsigmondy developes the Ultra microscope
Able to study objects below the wavelength of light. -
Frits Zernike invents the phase-contrast microscope
allows the study of colorless and transparent biological materials. -
Ernst Ruska developes the electron microscope
The ability to use electrons in microscopy greatly improves the resolution and greatly expands the borders of exploration. -
Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer invent the scanning tunneling microscope
gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level. -
modern cell theory
the cell theory states 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the smallest functional unit of life. 3. All cells are produced from other cell