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Jansen credited with the first compound microscope
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Discovery of the Cell
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke</a> in London England of 1653. Hooke viewed a piece of cork under a microscope and described seeing "small boxes". Hence the name cells. -
Living cell witnessed
Anton van Leeuwenhoek witnessed the first living cell under a microscope. -
Brown described the cell nucleus in cells of the orchid
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Cell Theory Formulated
Theodor Schwann and Matthias Sclieden determined that all living things were composed of cells. -
Albrecht von Roelliker realized that sperm cells and egg cells are also cells
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Flemming described chromosome behavior during mitosis
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Siemens produced the first commercial transmission electron microscope
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Gey and coworkers established a continuous human cell line
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First Bone Marrow Transplant Between Two Siblings
In 1968, the first bone marrow transplant was performed to successfully treat two siblings with severe combined immunodeficiency. -
Moratorium Placed on human embroyo research.
In 1973 a moratorium was placed on government funding for human embryo research -
Stem Cell Discovery
Stem cells were discovered in human cord blood. -
Stem Cell Link to Cancer
Leukaemia origin found as haematopoietic stem cell, indicating possible proof of cancer stem cells -
In Vitro Technology Beginnings
In 1981, researchers reported methods for growing mouse embryonic stem cells in the laboratory, and it took nearly 20 years before similar achievements could be made with human embryonic stem cells. Much of the knowledge about embryonic stem cells has emerged from two fields of research: applied reproductive biology, i.e., in vitro fertilization technologies, and basic research on mouse embryology. -
Mouse embryonic stem cell line established
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Congress argues about stem cells from 1990-1994.
In 1990, Congress voted to override the moratorium on government funding of embryonic stem cell research, which was vetoed by President George Bush. President Clinton lifted the ban, but changed his mind the following year after public outcry. -
The history of stem cell research
The History of Stem Cell Research.The 1990's saw rapid expansion and success of the bone marrow program with more than 16,000 transplants to date for the treatment of immunodeficiencies and leukemia. Adult stem cells also have shown great promise in other areas. These cells have shown the potential to form many different kinds of cell types and tissues, including functional hepatocyte-like (liver) cells. Such cells might be useful in repairing organs ravaged by diseases. -
Congress banned federal funding in 1995
Congress banned federal funding in 1995. -
Dolly the sheep is born
This is a link to the Dolly expirement.This research proved that stem cells could be used to make other things, and this development lead to a race, not to clone, but to find, revolutionize, and understand stem cells. This was huge, because it led the way to Shinya and his team. -
NIH panel voted in favor of government funding.
In 1988 a NIH panel voted 19 to 2 in favor of government funding -
In 1998 DHHS Secretary Sullivan extended the moratorium.
In 1998 DHHS Secretary Sullivan extended the moratorium. -
First Embryonic Stem Cell
In 1998, James Thompson (University of Wisconsin - Madison) isolated cells from the inner cell mass of early embryos, and developed the first embryonic stem cell lines. In the same year, John Gearhart (Johns Hopkins University) derived germ cells from cells in fetal gonadal tissue (primordial germ cells). Pluripotent stem cell "lines" were developed from both sources. -
Embroynic Cells
In 1998, for the first time, investigators were able to isolate this class of pluripotent stem cell from early human embryos and grow them in culture. -
First Human Embroynic Stem Cell
Explanation.In 1998, James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin-Madison isolated cells from the inner cell mass of the early embryo, called the blastocyst, and developed the first human embryonic stem cell lines. At the same time, John Gearhart at Johns Hopkins University reported the first derivation of human embryonic germ cells from an isolated population of cells in fetal gonadal tissue, known as the primordial germ cells, which are destined to become the eggs and sperm. -
President Bush debates
On August 9, 2001, President George W. Bush announced his decision to allow Federal funding of research only on existing human embryonic stem cell lines created prior to his announcement. His concern was to not foster the continued destruction of living human embryos. In 2004, both houses of Congress have asked President George W. Bush to review his policy on embryonic stem cell research. President George W. Bush released a statement reiterating his moral qualms about creating human embryos to d -
The term iPS (induced-pluripotent stem cells) is coined.
This is a Powerpoint explaining iPS stem Cells.Click here for an explanation of the 2006 expirement.The term "iPS cell” was coined by Yamanaka and Takahashi in a landmark 2006 paper, in which they demonstrated a method for transforming mouse fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells. -
iPS Cells are discovered
Click here for a link to Shinya Yamanaka's historyiPS cells were discovered by Shinya Yamanaka using a mouse model system in 2006. Jamie Thomson made iPS cells using Oct4, Sox2, Lin28, and Nanog, while most other researchers used Yamanaka’s protocolHuman iPS cells are intrinsically far more difficult to make than mouse iPS cells. -
Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors
iPS cells In 2006, researchers at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University demonstrated a method to convert mouse fibroblasts into iPS cells, eliminating the need for the destruction of a donor embryo.Here, we demonstrate induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, under ES cell culture conditions. -
Human iPS cells are made
Instead of using mouse cells to make the iPS cells, human cells are used. -
iPS Academia Japan, Inc.
The iPS Academia Japan, Inc.iPS Academia Japan, Inc. was established in Kyoto on June 25, 2008 to contribute to healthcare through the transfer of research results and technology relating to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which were developed by Prof. Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University and his colleagues. -
Video about iPS Cells is Created
This is a youtube video about iPS Cells. This video talks, and goes indepth, with the 2006 iPS experiment, and how it changed the way people viewed stem cells. -
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JOHNS HOPKINS RESEARCHERS RETURN BLOOD CELLS TO STEM CELL STATE
Click here for the article.Johns Hopkins scientists (Zambidis and team) have developed a reliable method to turn the clock back on blood cells, restoring them to a primitive stem cell state from which they can then develop into any other type of cell in the body. “Taking a cell from an adult and converting it all the way back to the way it was when that person was a 6-day-old embryo creates a completely new biology toward our understanding of how cells age and what happens when things go wrong, as in cancer development.” -
Solving the puzzle of drug-induced liver injury
Click here for a link to the article.The researchers are currently developing a line of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells, that are derived from skin and blood cells and can be turned into liver cells called hepatocytes. Using stem cells fashioned from cells obtained from both healthy individuals and those with liver injury allows the researchers to overcome one of the primary obstacles to their work – the lack of available material for testing. Donated liver biopsies are rare. -
EMD Millipore Obtains Global Licensing Agreement for induced Pluripotent Stem(iPS) Cell Patent Technology with iPS Academia Japan, Inc.
Link to the Patent Article.EMD Millipore, the Life Science division of Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany, and iPS Academia Japan, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan) today announced a global licensing agreement for AJ’s induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell patent portfolio. The non-exclusive agreement provides EMD Millipore the opportunity to continue to develop and ultimately commercialize iPS cells for research applications. -
References are created.
