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Revolution Overthrows AH Emperor
The events of 1848 were the product of mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna of 1815. During the "pre-March" period, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved further away from ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, restricted freedom of the press, limited many university activities, and banning fraternities. -
Revolution Overthrows Austria Hungarian Emperor
Product of mounting social and political tensions after Congress of Vienna of 1815 -
France loses Alsacre and Lorraine to Germany
territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. -
France loses Alsace & Lorraine to Germany
territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. -
Germany officially unified
Occured at Versailles Palace's of Hall of Mirrors in France -
Germany Officially Unified
The formal unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Versailles Palace's Hall of Mirrors in France. -
Bolsheviks emerge as political group
The Bolsheviks were born out of Russia's Social Democrat Party. -
Russo Japanese war
Defeats of Russian Army and Navy shook Russian confidence -
Triple Entente alliance formed
alliance linking Russia, France, and the United Kingdom after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente -
Austria-Hungary Annexes bosnia
Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary announces its annexation -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated
led to First world war when Austria Hungary issued ultimatum against Serbia -
Austria declares war on Serbia
Effictively beginning first world war -
Ottoman Germany Alliance formed
The Ottoman – German Alliance was an alliance between the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire that was ratified shortly following the outbreak of World War I. The alliance was created as part of a joint-cooperative effort that would strengthen and modernize the ailing Ottoman military, as well as provide Germany safe passage into neighboring British colonies. -
Schlieffen Plan put into Action
strategic plan for victory in a possible future war in which the German Empire might find itself fighting on two fronts: France to the west and Russia to the east. -
Japan Declares War on Germany
In the first week of World War I Japan proposed to the United Kingdom, its ally since 1902, that Japan would enter the war if it could take Germany's Pacific territories. -
Battle of Tannenberg
engagement between the Russian and the German Empires in the first days of World War I. It was fought by the Russian Second Army against the German Eighth Army -
Battle of Marne
It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army under Chief of Staff Helmuth von Moltke the Younger. The battle effectively ended the month long German offensive that opened the war and had reached the outskirts of Paris. -
Russian Army out of Ammunition
Russia was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets. -
Battle of Gallipoli
Allied strategy was under scrutiny, with strong arguments mounted for an offensive through the Balkans or even a landing on Germany's Baltic coast, instead of more costly attacks in France and Belgium. -
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare warfare commences
Grmany submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize -
Lusitania Sinks
In 1915 she was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat, causing the deaths of 1,198 passengers and crew. -
Battle of Verdun
during the First World War on the Western Front between the German and French armies, on hills north of Verdun-sur-Meuse in north-eastern France. The German Fifth Army attacked the defences of the Région Fortifiée de Verdun (RFV) and the Second Army on the right bank of the Meuse -
Battle of Jutland
It was the largest naval battle and the only full-scale clash of battleships in the war. It was only the third-ever fleet action between steel battleships, following the smaller but more decisive battles of the Yellow Sea (1904) and Tsushima (1905) during the Russo-Japanese War. -
Battle of Somme
The battle was one of the largest of World War I, in which more than 1,000,000 men were wounded or killed, making it one of humanity's bloodiest battles. -
Battle of Passchendaele
The battle took place on the Western Front, between July and November 1917, for control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres in West Flanders, as part of a strategy decided by the Allies at conferences in November 1916 and May 1917. -
Zimmerman Telegraph
British cryptographers deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause. This message helped draw the United States into the war and thus changed the course of history. -
Tsar Nicholas II abdicates
Nicholas II abdicated following the February Revolution of 1917 during which he and his family were imprisoned first in the Alexander Palace at Tsarskoye Selo, then later in the Governor's Mansion in Tobolsk, and finally at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. -
US declares war on Germany
President Woodrow Wilson went before a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany. Wilson cited Germany’s violation of its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and its attempts to entice Mexico into an alliance against the United States -
October Revolution
seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd -
Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration led the Jewish community in Britain and America into believing that Great Britain would support the creation of a Jewish state in the Middle East. -
Vladimir Lenin seizes power in Russia
Vladimir Lenin seizes power from the Tsarist regime in a coup d'etat. Widespread starvation and catastrophic military failure in the First World War left Russia ripe for revolt. -
Influenza Epidemic
The influenza epidemic that swept the world in 1918 killed an estimated 50 million people. One fifth of the world's population was attacked by this deadly virus. Within months, it had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history. -
Fourteen Points Proposed
by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe. -
Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
between the new Bolshevik government of Russia (the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey), which ended Russia's participation in World War I -
Kaiser Wilhelm II Adbicated
Wilhelm's abdication was announced by Chancellor Prince Max von Baden in a 9 November 1918 proclamation - before Wilhelm had in fact consented to abdicate -
Armistice Signed
The agreement that ended the fighting in western Europe that comprised the First World War -
Russia-Germany Pact violates Versailles
Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk -
Treaty of Versailles Signed
One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. -
Treaty of Saint Germain
The Treaty of St. Germain formally dissolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire though this was a ‘done deal’ by the time the treaty was signed.The Treaty of St. Germain recognised the independence of Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. -
New Economic Policy
The NEP represented a more capitalism-oriented economic policy, deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1917 to 1922, to foster the economy of the country, which was almost ruined. -
Triple Alliance Formed
military alliance among Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Italy -
Stalin Takes Over Russia
Lenin died and Stalin took over -
Trotsky Flees Russia
Exiled to Alma-Ata -
Germany Stops Reparation payments to France
Payments were suspended for one year in June 1931 as proposed by U.S. president Herbert Hoover in the "Hoover Moratorium", and ended at the Lausanne Conference of July 1932.
