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Period: to
1870 to 1931
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german unification
Bismarck succeeded in achieving German Unification on January 18, 1871 creating the German Empire.
additinal sourse: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles_(1871) -
The Treaty of Frankfurt
the treaty of frankfurt signifies the end of the franco-prussion war, it did the following
Set a framework for the withdrawal of German troops from certain areas.
Regulated the payment of France's war indemnity of five billion francs (due within five years).
Recognized the acceptance of William I of Prussia as German Emperor.
The treaty also established the terms for the following:
Trade between the two countries
The return of prisoners of war
and etc etc. -
The Dual Alliance
the dual alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was executed by treaty on October 7, 1879 as part of Bismarck's system of alliances to limit war. Germany and Austria-Hungary pledged to help one another if russia was to attack them. Also, each state promised neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power. -
russia joins the dual allience
germany, russia, and austria-hungary, joins the duel allience creating the three emperors league, stating protection and friendship. -
the triple allience
germany, austria-hungary, and italy, sign a secret defensive triple allience, stating that the three countries would have peace and friendship if there was ever a war. -
the reinsurance treaty
the reinsurance treaty between russia and germany, replaces the three emperors league,
it reaffirms the countries desire to have peace between them, and bind themselves to neutrality towards any war. -
Franco-russion allience
the franco russion allience, was a defensive allience ment to presurve peace, by deterring the triple allience, and stopping any hostilitys agaignst either france or russia. -
Queen victoria dies
Queen victoria, She died at Osborne House on 22 January 1901, and was buried at Windsor. Her reign lasted 63 years and 7 months which is the longest of any British monarch to date and the longest of any female monarch in history.
additinal sorce:
www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=victoria -
Austria-Hungary threatens to declare war
Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia. If they do not accept the ultimatum, Austria-Hungary says they will declare war -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo. ferdinands death by the black hand, ( a Serbian nationalist secret society) set in motion a domino effect of mindlessly mechanical events that culminated in the world's first global war. -
Austria-Hungary, issues ultimatum
Austria-Hungary issues and unltimatum to serbia, and if serbia does not accept they say they will declare war. -
serbia responds to ultimatim
Serbia responds to the ultimatim, promising to repect cirtain aspects of the ultimatim, but denying any government involvement with the Sarajevo assassination. -
Austria-hungary declares war.
Austria-Hungary decides that serbias response to the unltimatim was unsatisfactory, and declares war. Becuase Russia and Serbia are allies Russia begins the attack against Austria by mobilizing toward Austria's border. -
Germany declares war on russia
because russia sided with serbia, the germans are foreced to declare war, to defend the austrians. -
germany declares war on france
germany believes that france will attack, because they are allies with russia, so they declare war on france as well, to make sure they defeat the franco-russion allience. -
britain declares war on germany
germany invades belgium the reason being to defeat france quickly, because of this attack britain pulls their troops out of poland and declares war on germany, which atomaticly involves the canadian troops as well. -
The Battle of the Frontiers
27,000 French soldiers die on this single day, in a battle that took place in the east of paris. -
The Battle at Tannenburg
at tannenburg the Germans counterattack the russions,
which turned in to a brutal 4 day battle. It was the worst defeat for the russions in all of world war 1, and they had a very hard time recovering. -
first battle of marne
the First Battle of the Marne halts the German invasion in France. -
Unspoken Christmas truce
People were singing carols, shaking hands, and rising Christmas trees, everything you would not expect for a war zone.
as the war went on in never happened again, but for that one day they had Christmas. -
Germany declares blockade
Germany declares a submarine blockade of Great Britain. Any ship traveling near england is in danger, and are considered targets. -
the battle of Neuve Chapelle
the Canadian Expeditionary Force saw thier first battle, with the battle of neuve chapelle, between british and german troops.
the canadian armys were told to prevent the Germans from reinforcing the sector of Neuve Chapelle, thus allowing the british army to push through german lines, thier plan did not work in the end it taught Canadians that artillery bombardment was too light to suppress the enemy trenches. -
Second Battle of Ypres
On April 22, the Germans sought to eliminate the enemy by using poison gas. Following an intensive artillery bombardment, they released 160 tons of chlorine gas.
After this troops on the british and french sides began falling an fleeing, but a soldier in the Canadian lines discovered the neutralization of the chlorine gas was possible by pressing urine soaked rags over their noses and mouths. so as it turned out the Canadians were the only division able to hold the line. -
Canadian corps were formed, (not on the first but i don't know exact dates)
In september 1915 the Canadian Corps were formed, from the Canadian Expeditionary Force, after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France. -
The Battle of Verdun
The battle of Verdun was one of the biggest and most tragic battles in the history of WW1, It was fought between the french and german troops, between febuaray and december of 1916.
the battle was a key event for france, because it became a symbol of French determination to hold the ground and then roll back the enemy at any human cost.
the total casualties of this battle is said to be around 714,231. -
U.S enters the war,
Before entering the war, the US had remained neutral, but after 128 americans were killed by the germans sinking a british ship, there was a lot of anger from the country, and in january of 1917 when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, the amrecians, tryed to remain nutral, and lost 7 merchent ships, after which they declared war. -
battle of vimy ridge
the battle of vimy ridge took place between the Canadian Corps, and the German sixth army,
the battle lasted for 3 days, at the end of it leaving the Canadian Corps the victors. -
The Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed after the war ended in 1918, it stated that germany was to take full resposiblity for the war, and so germany had to give up a portion of its land, give a blank check to the Allies, and reduce thier army, and navy,
those were just a few of the many other clauses,.The Treaty also stated that there was to be a league of nations formed. -
League of Nations
The League of Nations was created as a clause from the Treaty of Versailles, and was based in Geneva, Switzerland. it was created for one simple reason, to ensure that war didn't break out again,
russia, and germany were not allowed to join the league, and america refused to, It was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. -
Hitler becomes leader of the nazis
Hitler became the head of the Nazi party and controlled all its power. -
The Great Depression
In 1929 when the stock markets crashed it caused disaster all over the world, the unemployment rates went up drasticly, which meant people had no money, and therefor no food, so many people would end up dying of starvation. -
Period: to
1931 to 1945
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Remilitarization of the Rhineland
On march 7th 1936 the german troops, under the command of Adolf Hitler, entered the Rhineland.
it was signifacent because it violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, making it the first time the germans had been in that region since the war. -
The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
On August 23rd 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met to sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Which stated that the two countries would not attack each other. -
Germany invades Poland.
On September 1st 1939, Germany Invaded Poland, setting the stage for the start of World War 2.
the battle lasted for 27 days, ending with Germany conquering Poland.
Sources:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm\ http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/World-War-2-Timeline.htm -
Britain and France Declare War.
3rd of Semtember, 1939.
Britain and France declare war on Germany,
After Hitler refused to take his troops from poland, France and Britain had no choice.
sources:
http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=465590 -
Canada Declares war on Germany
Canada Declared war on Germany, on September 10th 1939
to prove thier independence from the U.K Canada unnecessarily ask for approvel from the federal parliment to declare war. Source: http://www.canadaatwar.ca/content-89/world-war-ii/timeline/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_Canada
http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/chrono/1931goes_to_e.shtml -
Germany invades France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
May 10th 1940. German troops storm in to France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, after already collapsing denmark and norway.
Belgium an the Netherlands surrendered later in may.
sources:
http://yourlocaladda.com/forum/wallpapers-77/world-war-ii-axis-invasions-fall-france-1298/ -
Italy declares war on France and Great Britain
After not choosing to make a formal allience with either side, The Italian dictator declared war on France and Great Britain.
on the 10th of june 1940. http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=763781 -
France falls
on the 22nd of June, 1940, France surrendered to germany under Germany's terms, two thirds of France is to be occupied by the Germans. the french army had to be disbanded, and also France was to bear the cost of the invation.
Source: http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/francesurrenders.htm -
Germany invades the Soviet Union
On june 22nd 1941, Going against the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. source:http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2011/06/world-war-ii-the-invasion-of-poland-and-the-winter-war/100094/ -
Pearl Harbor
In the morning on December 7th 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours more then 2'400 Americans had been killed, and it was because of this brutal attack that the U.S entered the war just a day later, making the europiean conflict a world war. source:http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/Attack-Pearl-Harbor.htm -
Executive Order 9066
on the 19ths of Febuary Roosevelt issued the Executive Order 9066, which allowed the internment of any Japanese Americans.
120,000 Japanese Americans were relocated to internment even if they had been born in the states. Source:http://www.ushistoryscene.com/uncategorized/february-19-1942-roosevelts-executive-order-9066-and-japanese-internment-during-world-war-ii/ -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the most brutal battles of WW2.
It was fought between the Nazis and the Soviet Union, in the city of Stalingrad, in the end it was a Soviet victory and a turning point for europe, bringing the Germans down a peg or two. source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad -
Allies invade North Africa (Operation Torch)
On the 8th of November 1942, the allies invaded North Africa, as part of a plan to come at the Germans from the so called "soft underbelly" of europe.
It was the first Invasion plan that the British and American armys worked on together.
source:http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operation_torch.htm -
Battle of Kursk
On July 5th 1943 the Battle of Kursk began,
The Battle of Kursk was the biggest Tank battle in WW2 between Germany and the Soviet Union, in the end it was another crushing lose for germany, crippling their offensive power on the eastern front.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk -
Italy Switches sides
On the 3rd of September 1943 Italy made an agreement with the allies and Declared war on Germany.
quote from a radio show broudcasted at the time "All Italians who now act to help eject the German aggressor from Italian soil will have the assistance and support of the United Nations."
source:http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/8/newsid_3612000/3612037.stm -
D-Day
The 6th of june 1944, was a day that we remember as D-Day,
when 73,000 Americans, 61,715 British and 21,400 Canadians landed on the coast of Normandy, and won a great and memorable battle with germany.
Eisenhower called it a crusade in which “we will accept nothing less than full victory.”
Sorce: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_landings
http://www.army.mil/d-day/ -
Battle of the Bulge
16th of December 1944, The Germans launch a suprise attack, catching the allies completly by suprise. the battle was fought between Germany, and the allies, aka (Canada, U.S, Britain, Belgium, and France). and ended in a victory for the allies.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge -
Battle of Okinawa
1st of April 1945, the Allies fight japan on Okinawa Island. -
Battle of Berlin
16th of April 1945, The Battle of Berlin, fought between the Soviet Union and Germany, it lasted until May 2nd, and the end results were a victory for the Soviet Union, and a crushing loss for Germany, causing the suicides of many German soldiers, encluding Adolf Hitler.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin -
Adolf Hitler kills himself
on the 30th of April Adolf hitler and his wife Eva, both consumed cyanide capsules (which had been tested for their efficacy on his dog and her pups). and just to be safe Hitler also shot himself in the head. they were cremated, and were not officaly declared dead untill 1956.
source:http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adolf-hitler-commits-suicide-in-his-underground-bunker
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler -
U.S drops Atomic bomb
In the final stages of WW2 the U.S dropped two Atomic bombs on Japan, (which are the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare to date) the other drop was on the 9th of august.
shortly after this Japan surrendered, marking the end of WW2.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki -
WW2 is over
on the 2nd of September 1945 Japan signed the Instrument of Surrender, offically ending the war. source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/World-War-2-Timeline.htm
