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Paul Von Hindenburg
He was a Prussian-German field marshal, statesman, and politician, and served as the second President of Germany from 1925 to 1934. He was recalled at the outbreak of World War I, and first came to national attention, at the age of 66, as the victor at Tannenberg in 1914. -
Three Emperor's League
The League of the Three Emperors or Three Emperors League was an unstable alliance between Tsar Alexander II of Russia, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary and Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany.The alliance sought to resurrect the Holy Alliance of 1815 and act as a safegaurd against radical sentiments the conservative rulers found unsettling. -
Dual Alliance
The Dual Alliance was an alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary as part of Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent/limit war. In it, Germany and Austria-Hungary pledged to aid one another in case of an attack by Russia. Also, each state promised caring neutrality to one another if one of them was attacked by another European power. -
Triple Alliance-Central Powers
The Triple Alliance was the military alliance between Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Italy that lasted from 1882 until the start of World War I. Each member promised mutual support just like in the Dual Alliance. -
Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty
The Reinsurance Treaty was an attempt by Bismarck to continue his alliance with Russia after the League of the Three Emperors had broken down. The treaty was highly dependent on Bismarks personal reputation. After the dismissal of Bismarck, his successor Wilhelm II felt unable to obtain success in keeping this policy, -
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Emperor William II
Was both a German Emperor and King of Prussia, last ruler to do this. Turned out to not care much about foreign affairs eventually leading to war and his advocation of the throne in 1918 -
Bismark's Resignation
After a heated argument in Bismarck's office Wilhelm stormed out, after first ordering the rescinding of the Cabinet Order of 185. Bismarck, forced for the first time into a situation he could not use to his advantage, wrote a latter of resignation, decrying Wilhelm's interference in foreign and domestic policy. -
Alexander III and Franco-Russian Alliance
The Franco-Russian Alliance was a military alliance between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. The alliance ended the diplomatic isolation of France and the supremacy of the German Empire in Europe. France would remain allied with Russia until 1917, from an economical, financial and military point of view. -
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South African War
Also known as the Second Boer War, was a British fight for the territories of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. Ended in British takeover of these two territories. -
Total War-Concept of War
A countries complete dedication to comitment of the war. -
Theophile Delcasse & the Anglo-French Entente
Delcasse concluded the Entente Cordiale with Great Britain, covering colonial and other questions which had long been a matter of dispute. Suspicion of the growing entente between France and England soon arose in Germany. In 1905 German assertiveness was shown in a crisis which was forced on in the matter of French policy by Delcassé personally. -
Algeciras Conference
The purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, which began as Germanys attempt to prevent France from establishing a protectorate over Morocco. -
Anglo-Russian Agreement
This agreement ended the long struggle for power that had gone on at the expense of less-developed regions throughout Asia. Many believed that these negotiations served to forge a political alliance in fear of the growing strength and influence of Germany. It also crushed any chance of Persian freedom. -
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Destruction of the Ottaman Empire
The weakening and finally the destruction of the Ottoman Empire politically created great opportunities, which it sought for centuries through endless crusader efforts. Finally, the fall of the Islamic empire did not only allow the European powers to cherish material gains such as benefiting from the control of oil fields of the Middle East, but also it allowed the West to put the 13 century long Muslim unity into a disarray. -
Aviation
First time a plane was used in a war was by the Italians in Libya, then were used throughout the first world war -
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First Balkan War
Involved the Balkan Leauge and the Ottoman Empire. Balkan League over came the Ottomans and took the territories for the allied forces -
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria was unhappy with their cuts from the First Balkan War and attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece. The war caused a permanent break up of the Russo-Bulgarian alliance, and left Serbia as Russia's only ally. -
Austria-Hungary's unconditional ultimatum
This ultimatum was part of a program to weaken the Kingdom of Serbia as a threat to Austria-Hungary's occupation of the northern Balkans which had a significant southern Slavic population. This was supposed to be achieved either through diplomacy or by a localized war if the ultimatum was rejected. Austria-Hungary preferred war, and to ensure war, the terms of the ultimatum were so harsh that they were sure to be rejected -
Triple Entente/Allied Powers
The Triple Entente was the name given to the alliance among France, Britain and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. It opposed the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. After World War I broke out, the Entente powers signed a formal military alliance. They fought together until 1917, when Russia withdrew from the war. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused the Central Powers and the Allies of World War I to declare war on each other, starting World War I. -
"blank check"
The "blank check" was when Germany gave Austria-Hungary a guarantee of almost unconditional support in any war arising from its dealings with Serbia following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. This guarantee, which encouraged the hawks in Vienna, is often referred to as a 'blank cheque'. -
Russian Mobilization
Both Russia and France predictably ignored these demands. On August 1, Germany ordered general mobilization and declared war against Russia , and France likewise ordered general mobilization. -
Battles of Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes
The Battle of Tannenberg was an battle between the Russian Empire and the German Empire in the first days of World War I. It resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army. -
Race to the Sea
The Race to the Sea is a name given to the period early in WW1 when the two sides were still engaged in mobile war on the Western Front. With the German advance stopped at the First Battle of the Marne, the opponents continually attempted to beat each other through north-eastern France. -
Battle of Marne
The first Battle of the Marne brought to an end the war of movement that had dominated the WW1 since the beginning of August. Instead, with the German advance brought to a halt, stalemate and trench warfare began to develop. -
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Trench Warfare
Hundreads of miles of trenches were made throughout Europe during WW1 and were one of the main causes of why the war took so long -
Flamethrower
The Germans were the first to introduce the flamethrower in the first world war. The date of which it was first introduced is unsure. It caused the enemy to fear the weapon and helped to clear out trenches in warfare -
Luistania
RMS Lusitania was a British ocean liner designed by Leonard Peskett and built by John Brown and Company. The Luistaina was a victom of a torpedo attack whoes blame fell on Germany -
Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz
He was a German Admiral and a Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office. He turned to submarine warfare, which angered the United States. He was dismissed in 1916 and never regained power. -
Erich Lundendorff
He was a German general, victor of Liège and of the Battle of Tannenberg. After the war, Ludendorff became a prominent nationalist leader, and a promoter of the stab-in-the-back legend, convinced that the German Army had been betrayed by marxists and Republicans in the Versailles Treaty. -
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David Lloyd George
Layed the foundation of a welfare state and was the last liberal prime minister of Britain. He played a major role in negotiations at the Paris Peace Conferance in 1919 -
Battle of Verdun
Fought between the German and French armies and lasted until December 18th. It killed over 698,000 people and was the most devestating battle in the history of war. -
Second Battle of the Marne
was the last major German Spring Offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed and left severe casualties. It was the turning point of the war in the western front. -
Battle of Somme
Fought between the British/French and the Germans, At this battle the tank was first debuted by the British forces -
Submarine Warfare
Submarine Warfare became unrestricted when the Germans first started sinking passanger and cargo ships of the enemy. The Germans used their famous U-Boats to fire the torpedos at the ships -
War Raw Materials Board
was set up by Walter Rathenau, a jewish industrialist in charge of Germany's electricity. It was ment to ration the basic goods of Germany during the war -
Balfour Declaration
A letter from the UK to Baron Rothschild saying that they favored the establishment of Palestine -
George Clemenceau
was a French journalist and statesman. He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and from 1917 to 1920. At the end of the war he led France, and was one of the major voices in writting the Treaty of Versailles -
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German Revolution
Post WW1, resulted in the replacement of Germany's government from an imperial government to a republic -
Armistice
On November 11, 1918 at 11:11am both sides of the war decided to stop fighting and go to peace measures -
Peace Confrence of Paris
A meeting of the Allied powers to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. A lot of the conference was led by the Great Powers which included U.S representative Woodrow Wilson and UK representative David Lloyd George -
War Guilt Clause
Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, stated that Germany was responsible for the damages done during the war -
Treaty of Versilles
Ended the War between Germany and the Allied Powers and was signed exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.It gave Germany the responsiblity of all the damages of the war -
League of Nations
The League of Nations was founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended WWI. Groups ultimately left the organization because they did not want to make their armies smaller in fear that if they get attacked, their allies won't support them. -
"All Quiet on the West Front"
Express the experiences of a young german soldier on the wester frot of the battles during WWI
