Spread of Islam_CSeiger

Arabia Before Muhammad-Mecca

558

• Important trade and religious center
• Popular for fresh water well
• Kaaba located in Mecca it is a shrine with 300 religious idols
• Populated by Jews, Arabs, Christians, etc.

Arabia Before Muhammad-Arabs

559

• Arab means to move or to pass
• Most Arabs first inhabitants were Bedouins
• They valuled camels and swords above everything else
• No strong central government
• Practiced anitimistic polytheism (many gods)

Arabia Before Muhammad-Quraysh

560

• Powerful local tribe for the Arabs
• They encouraged tribes to deposit idols in the Kaaba and protected them for a fee

Muhammad's Call to Prophethood-Muhammad's Early Life

561

• Born into the Hashim family
• A angle told Muhammads moth Amina to name him Mahammad
• Father Abdallah died before his briht and moth died when he was six.
• Raised by his uncel Abu Talib
• Married Khadija and had 7 childern but only one dauther survied (Fatima)
• Had the reputation as a seeker of solitude

Muhammad's Call to Prophethood-Family

562

• Very rich from the Quraysh tribe
• Father and mother died so he was raised by his uncle
• Got married and 6 out of his 7 childern died at birth

Life of Muhammad-Marriage

563

• Married Khadījah and has 4 daughters most famous, Fatima
• Fatima married Muhammads cousin Ali
• Lived a happy marriage

Life of Muhammad-Suspecting something is wrong

564

• When he was 40 he noticeed people with weath didnt share with the poor and tribes were constatly at war with one anohter
• Retreted to the mountains in a cave for several days to pray and fast
• His time in the mountains ivolved into the islamic holiday of Radaman
• On his 17th day he saw the vision of the angel Gabriel

Life of Muhammad-His vision & teachings

565

• Gabriel showed Muhammad the word Allah in Arabic
• Gabriel told him to repeat and tell everyone his teachings, his wife, and her cousin encouraged the practice even though they were Christian
• Muhammad still kept Allah to himself for two years after
• In 612 he reported to the mountains again were Gabriel came to him and he decided to share his teachings with the Arabic people
• Said wealthy would share with the poor and people have to pray 3 times a day

Life of Muhammad-Facing discrimination

566

• He ba=egan to gain followers fo his teachings, many were gained to the power and beauty of his speeches
• Teachings turn into a book called the Quran, Arabic for recitation
• Quraysh leaders weren't happy with his followers so they declared all Muslims should be boycotted so they could not be sold food, they began to go into starvation
• Lasted 2 years while his wife, Khadījah and Abū Tālib, his last living relative died

Life of Muhammad-First Islamic Community

567

• In 621 a group fo tribes from Yathrib went to vist Muhammad aboyt his teachings. They have been fgihting themselves and believed that Muhammads teachings could help them vgain peace. They then convereted tro Islam

Life of Muhammad-Leaving Mecca

568

• His and his followers were in danger so they all moved to Yathrib in 622, beging what is known as the Muslin era
• Before the Muslim era all relationships, statuses, and social allegiances were based on family, but Muhammads new tribe was binded together by religion. This was very different and unique during this time
• Muhammad pled to his new tribe that they woudl all protect eachother and created the new city of Medina

Life of Muhammad-Medina

569

• Had many precedents for faith and praying
• Muhammads home in Medina served as the first mosque
• Living in Medina he made a law that a man could nly have 4 wives but couldf break it if he was helping a woman in need, he broke this rule with 11 wives
• Followers worshiped freely
• Changed the Islam praying dircection fro Jerulism to Mecca

Life of Muhammad-Muhammad’s death and his impact

570

• By his death in 632 he untied most his reigion under his leadership and Islam beliefs
• Inslam continured spreading throughout the world and today there are more then 1.5 million Muslims
• Hes visions inspired a new religion to arise

Arabia after Muhammad’s death

571

• Tribes who were followers of Muhammad fell away.
• Followers didnt agree who would take after his leadership and broke out into a political diusgareement and civil war.

Caliph Abu Bakr-Who He Was

572

• Known as the “The Upright”, the second only to the Prohet of Islam Muhammad.
• He was Muhammads dearist friend and nesaresrt advisor
• Muhammad married Abu Bakrs daughter.
• Chsoen to be Muhammads sucsessor or deputy of the prophet of god.
• Brought all of central Ariba in Muslim control and began to conquest neighboring countries.

Caliph Abu Bakr-Riddah Wars

573

• Series of wars between Muslims and Arabs after Muhammad died.
• After Muhammad died some of his follows refused to follow Abu Bakr because they believed their commitment was to Muhammad himself and not the religion.
• Abu Bakr lead the wars to gain support
• One battle known as a bloody bath took place in Aqraba and is now known as The Garden of Death.
• Muslims and Abu Bakr were successful and brought Arabs back into the Muslim religion.

Caliph Abu Bakr-Areas he Conqured

574

• Took control of central Arabia and other neighboring countries right after taking leadership.
• Lead the Riddah Wars and took over land ebyond Arabian penisula.

Caliph Umar-Areas He Conquered

575

• Lead the Arab armies to conqure Byzantine empire, including Mesopotamia and Syria.
• Began to start the expantion to Iran and Egypt.

Caliph Umar-Important accomplishments

576

• Was the secon of the four righteous caliphs and became the first when Muhammad and Abu Bakr died.
• Lead the Arabs to an amaziung expantion.
• Established the basic polices and institutionsthat changed the Islamic empire for time to come.
• Onew of the first to memorize the entire Qur'an.
• Married two of Muhammad's daughters.
• Expanded Islam to North Africa, Iran, and the Caucuses.
• Standardized and changed the Qur'an.

Caliph Uthman-Areas he conquered

577

• Iran
• Crusades
• North Africa

Caliph Uthman-Important Accomplishments

578

• Worked at laying foundations of the Islamic state.
• Completed standardization of the Quran and burned all other copies to make sure all Arabs were following the same book.

Caliph Ali-The trouble with Ali

579

• Caused the First Fitna because the two groups dissagreed on who should be the caliph to Muhammad.
• Expanded Islamic empire to Iran, North Africa, and the Caucuses. - Gave his family members in well-paid positions throughout empire.
• Later assassinated.

Caliph Ali-First Fitnah

580

• First major intrernation conflict with the Muslim community. -Lead to a civil war from 656-661 and caused the split between two groups of Msulisms.
• Muslims faught over who was the caliph to Muhammad.
• Tension still last today between the Sunnis and Shites.

Umayyad dynasty-Areas conquered

581

• Byzantine and Sassanid empire
• North Africa, Spain, and parts of Central Asia
• Doubled the Arabia in size

Umayyad dynasty-Problems

582

• While controlling Iran only an estimated amoutn of 10 percent of non-Muslims converted to Islam

Constitution of Medina-What it said

583

• Gaves Jews and Christians certain rights and abilities
• Gave freedom,m of religion in return for payment of special taxes

Constitution of Medina-Who Made it

583

• Written by Muhammad in 622

Abbasid Dynasty-Areas conquered

584

• The capital city of Baghdad.
• Replaced the Umayyad and look al of their old land

Abbasid Dynasty-Captial

585

• Baghdad
• Whjile the Umayyads focus on the westerns world the Abbasid took over the east

The Crusades-What is a crusade?

586

• Violent serises of military operationsby CHristan armies aganist Muslims

The Crusades-How many total were made?

587

• Nine were made in the modern day world.

The Crusades-Major Fighting Regions

588

• Jerusalem
• Palestine
• Syria
• Egypt
• Anatolia
• Islamic cities in Spain

The Crusades-Outcomes of the Crusades

589

• Edessa
• Galilee
• Antioch
• Tripoli