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American School For the Deaf
The first state school for the deaf was established in Kentucky soon followed by other state schools for the deaf and blind. Guidara, A. (2003, April 16). The History of Special Education in the Late 1800s to Mid-1900s: A Look Through Beverly Schools. Retrieved September 3, 2019, from http://primaryresearch.org/the-history-of-special-education-in-the-late-1800s-to-mid-1900s-a-look-through-beverly-schools/ -
Private "Normal" School
A private “Normal” school, created solely for the purpose of administering a two year course of instruction for teachers, was opened in 1823, by Samuel R. Hall. -
Braille Code invented
In 1824, Louis Braille publishes the Braille code -
Deinstitutionalization movement
activist Dorothea Dix lobbied for better living conditions for the mentally ill after witnessing the dangerous and unhealthy conditions in which many patients lived . Over a 40-year period, Dix successfully persuaded the U.S. government to fund the building of 32 state psychiatric hospitals. -
Sign Language
Melville Bell, Alexander Bells father, devised what he called Visible Speech as a source of income for his family. Visible Speech was a system of symbols to aid people in speaking words in any language even if they had not heard it. -
First Teacher program
First graduate program in education was implemented at New York University in 1887
ebcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://historyeducationinfo.com/edu4.htm&strip=0&vwsrc=1 -
The New Jersey Home for the Education and Care of Feeble-minded Children
In early 1888, Garrison received 40 acres of land and the attached, Scarborough mansion, from Vineland Philanthropist, B.D. Maxham.
https://southjerseyadventures.wordpress.com/2013/08/06/vinelands-feeble-minded-denizens/ -
NEA
National Education Association establishes a section for teachers of children with disabilities -
Vineland Training School
1904 – The Vineland Training School in New Jersey inaugurates training programs for teachers of students with mental retardation -
Stanford-Binet
The individually administered test, revised in 1937, 1960, and 1972, evaluates persons two years of age and older and is designed for use primarily with children. -
CEC
Organization that later would become the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is founded in New York City -
First Advocacy Groups
The first advocacy groups to fight for quality special education were made up of parents whose children were marginalized -
ARC
The Arc (originally the National Association of Parents and Friends of Retarded Children). The Arc becomes the first organization to put money into research on intellectual and developmental disabilities.
https://thearc.org/about-us/history/ -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
The U.S. Supreme Court reasoned that it was unlawful to discriminate against a group of individuals for arbitrary reasons.
Gargiulo. Richard, Bouck. Emily -
ESEA
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson as part of the “War on Poverty.” ESEA not only called for equal access to education for all students, but also federal funding for both primary and secondary education for students disadvantaged by poverty.
https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline -
Community Mental Health Centers Act
The closure of state psychiatric hospitals in the United States with strict standards were passed so that only individuals “who posed an imminent danger to themselves or someone else” could be committed to state psychiatric hospitals
https://www.uniteforsight.org/mental-health/module2 -
Normalization principle
"The normalization principle means making available to all people with disabilities patterns of life and conditions of everyday living which are as close as possible to the regular circumstances and ways of life or society." -
Public Law 93-112
REHABILITATION ACT OF 1973 – Public Law 93-112, the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, is enacted; Section 504 prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities -
Section 504
First public law aimed at protecting children and adults against discrimination due to a disability. -
IDEA: (1975-1990)
More rights and opportunities provided to children and adults with disabilities. -
Education of Handicapped Act Amendments PL 99-457
It mandates a special education for preschoolers with disabilities and incentives for providing early intervention services to infants and toddlers -
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
The decision-making model that everyone on the IEP "team" (parents, administrators, teachers, sped teachers, therapists) are determining where the students with disabilities should be educated as closely resembles the regular educational classroom setting and still meets the individual needs of the student. -
ADA (PL 101-336)
Americans with Disabilities Act. It began with the establishment of the independent living movement which challenged the notion that people with disabilities needed to be institutionalized, and which fought for and provided services for people with disabilities to live in the community.
https://dredf.org/about-us/publications/the-history-of-the-ada/ -
IDEA
Individuals with Education Act is to provide children with disabilities the same opportunity for education as those students who do not have a disability -
Educate America Act
President Clinton's goals for 2000. States challenged academic standards and tougher graduation requirements focusing on Language Arts, Mathematics, and Science -
Full Inclusion
Is a belief that all chidren with disabilites should be taught exclusively (with appropriate support) in general education classrooms. -
No Child Left Behind
No Child Left Behind Act started holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students. -
IDEA (2004)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act increased the focus of special education from simply ensuring access to education to improving the educational performance of students with disabilities and aligning special education services with the larger national school. Including standards, assessments, and accountability. (Nolet & McLaughlin, 2005, pp. 2-3) -
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
IFSP focuses on the child and family and the services that a family needs to help them enhance the development of their child. It is used for children from infancy through age 2, involves the family more, and may include professionals from several disciplines in planning for the child. The services are usually provided in the childs' home. -
Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments (PL 110-325)
President Bush signed into law and redefined the definition of a "disability". Defining major life activities, where a child is unable to read, concentrate, and think. Also, major bodily functions, such as immune system or neurological functioning. It also states that there are substantial limitations. -
Co-teaching
Defined as an instructional delivery model used to teach students with disabilities and those at risk for educational failure in the least restrictive, most productive, integrated classroom setting where both general and special educators share responsibility for planning, delivering, and evaluating instruction for all students.
Gargiulo, Bouck; Special Education in Contemporary Society. 6th edition -
Testing "proficient level"
States were required to bring all students to the “proficient level” on state tests by the 2013-14 school year, although each state got to decide, -
Office of Special Education [OSEP]
Today, approximately 7 million children with disabilities receive early intervention and special education services in the least restrictive environment (LRE), which is the most inclusive education setting possible.
http://www.ascd.org/publications/newsletters/policy-priorities/vol22/num01/Special-Education-After-40-Years@-What-Lies-Ahead%C2%A2.aspx -
Common Core State Standards
Outlining a set of grade-level expectations showing what students should know in mathematics, language arts and science. The sped goals should align with the state standards. -
Every Student Succeeds Act (PL 114-95)
President Barack Obama signed this into law. It is the seventh reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, passed in 1965. For sped it ensures accommodations on assessments, the use of universal design for learning principles, and evidence-based activities.
(Council for Exceptional Children, 2016)
