-
Brown V. Board of Education
On May 17, 1954 the supreme court voted in favor of Brown saying "Separate is not equal", ending segregation in schools. Brown V. Board of Education was meant to end racial segregation, but it brought attention to special education as well. It gave people encouragement to fight for equal rights among special need students. While it didn't provide change, it still had a marvelous impact on the movement to get equal education for special needs students. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson passed an act called the Elementary and Secondary Education Act as a way to provide federal funds for primary and secondary education. Similar to the Brown V. Board of Education, it didn't make a direct impact on special education. However, it gave money to schools which allowed them to create programs to educate students with disabilities. -
PARC V. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
A man named Jack Adams formed a group called the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) because they had a son named Bobby who had a mental disability and was turned away from a public school. The teacher said "Pennsylvania state law allows schools to deny services to children who have not attained a mental age of five years."
His father challenged the state and he ultimately won! Students with mental disabilities were now able to go to school with the other students. -
First Center for Independent Living
The first Center for Independent Living was made at UC Berkley by Ed Roberts to support the people who had disabilities so that their needs could be met and so that they can live independently. Before this was made people who had disabilities were sent to institutions. -
Section 504
Section 504 was part of the Rehabilitation Act in 1973. This is known as one of the earliest laws/acts to provide safety and protection to people with special needs and/or disabilities. -
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Least Restrictive Environment provides that along with a student’s IEP, they must also be in as many regular education classes as possible. This allows the student to socialize and gain social experiences.
(I was unable to find the month/day) -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act provided that every child who had a mental and/or physical disability was given the right to an education in a public school. -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
Ronald Reagan signed a law called the Handicapped Children's Protection Act. This act allowed parents to have more of a say when it came to their child's IEP. IEP stands for individual education plan which is a document/program that is made special for each student who is eligible. It provides them with what they need to learn because each student is different. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act is a law that was signed by George W. Bush in 1990. It was created to ensure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everybody else. It prevents discrimination in the workplace. Whether that be hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, or anything related to that. This law also protects students in their educational environment. -
IDEA
(The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
Signed by George W. Bush and included six pillars:
-FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education)
-LRE (Least Restrictive Environment)
-IEP (Individualized Education Program)
-Procedural Safeguards and Participants
-Parent/Student Participation
-Evaluation
