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American School for the Deaf
The American School for the Deaf (ASD) is the oldest permanent school for the deaf in the United States. Founded in West Hartford, Connecticut, by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, Dr. Mason Cogswell, and Laurent Clerc and became a state-supported school later that year. -
Perkins Institute for the Blind
Perkins was the first school for the blind established in the United States. The school was originally named the New England Asylum for the Blind. The name was eventually changed to Perkins School For the Blind. -
Compulsory Education Law
Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. Compulsory education involves both the duty imposed upon parents by law to see that their children receive instruction and the prerogative of every child to be educated." -
Columbia Institution
Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb was originally a grammar school for both deaf and blind children. It was the first school for the advanced education of the deaf and hard of hearing in the world and remains the only higher education institution in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. Link _
https://www.gallaudet.edu/about/history-and-traditions/whats-in-a-name -
Association of Instructors of the Blind
The School for Deft and the School for Blind offer a comprehensive educational program for hearing impaired and visually impaired students. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson made a big negative impact on education for those with disabilities by following the doctrine of "separate but equal." The intention of this case was to address the racial aspect of segregation. However, it later affected the education for children with disabilities. -
Beattie vs. Board of Education
When Exclusion Was the Rule special needs students were expelled from schools due to facial abnormalities and drooling. The student's mental capacity was fine but the teacher and fellow students were nauseated by this student's physical condition.
Link _ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBN1Dgwsx8Y&feature=youtu.be -
Council for Exceptional Children
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is the largest internationally recognized professional organization devoted to improving the educational experience of students with gifts and talents or disabilities. Link _ https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/faq/what-is-the-council-for-exceptional-children/ -
The Bradley Home
Bradley Hospital was the nation's first neuropsychiatric hospital for children. Link_ https://www.bradleyhospital.org/our-history -
Cuyahoga Council for the Retarded Child
A Parental Advocacy Group composed of five mothers of children with mental retardation who came to Cuyahoga, Ohio to protest their children’s exclusion from public schools. This lead to the establishment of a special class for the children, even though the parents sponsored it -
Classification of Autism
The classification of Autism was introduced by DR. Leo Lanner of Jhon Hopkins University. -
ARC
National Association for Retarded Children. The Arc of the United States is an organization serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The organization was founded by parents of people with developmental disabilities. The Arc has been able to support parents and children with advocacy through federal legislations. It currently includes different chapters in different states ranging from small voluntary groups to professional organizations. -
Brown v. Board
The first significant court case to influence special education actually addressed racial segregation. In Brown v. Board of Education, it was determined that segregation on the basis of race violated equal educational opportunity. Link _ https://www.naesp.org/sites/default/files/resources/1/Principal/2008/N-Oweb2.pdf -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
ESEA is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability. The ESEA did not make it law to educate students with disabilities but it did give grants to state school sand institutions that put into place programs to educate students with disabilities. -
ABA
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a popular intervention approach for individuals with disabilities, especially young children with autism. ABA has benefited many children living with ASD by helping them learn developmental skills. It can help improve communication abilities while reducing harmful behaviors, including self-injury. Keep in mind that ABA is only one of many ASD treatments, and it may not work for all children. About behavior analysis -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC v. Penn called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on proper and thorough evaluation.Link_ https://www.pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/ -
In the Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Colombia
The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia students classified as “Exceptional”. This includes those with mental and learning disabilities and behavioral issues. This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny these individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunities. -
First Center for Independent Living Opens
This center was made at UC Berkley by Ed Roberts to support the needs of individuals with disabilities so they can live independently and away from nursing homes and other institutions. -
Section 504
Section 504 is a part of the Rehabilitation Act anti-discrimination, civil rights statute that requires the needs of students with disabilities to be met as adequately as the needs of the non-disabled are met. This law is considered the first law giving protection to students with special needs. This law includes FAPE and LRE. Students are eligible when they have either a physical or mental disability that inhibits their learning experience. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
United States Congress enacted the EHA or the Education for Handicapped Act into Public Law. This ensures that handicapped children in public schools will get one free meal each school day and will have just access to education. This act made sure that all students with disabilities are educated in public schools. -
Least Restrictive Environment
(LRE) means that with a student’s IEP, they must also be in as many regular education classes as possible. This ensures that the student has social experiences. In LRE classrooms paras and aids are usually required. -
Board of Ed. Of HHCD V. Rowley
A landmark case that designed the Rowley Two-Part test in determining whether FAPE is being met according to a student IEP. The two-part test consists of questions asking if the school fulfilled the procedures of IDEA and “is the IEP developed through the procedures of the act”. If these two questions are answered correctly, then FAPE and IDEA have been met. -
Handicapped Children’s Protection Act
Signed by Ronald Regan the Amends the Education of the Handicapped Act to authorize the award of reasonable attorneys' fees, expenses, and costs to the parents or guardian of a handicapped child or youth who is the prevailing party in a civil suit under such Act to protect the child's right to a free appropriate public education. Prohibits such awards of fees, expenses, and costs from being paid with funds provided to the State under such Act. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The act promises people with special needs will have the same rights as everybody else. This includes both school and work. This act also stated that people with special needs cannot be discriminated against in schools, the workplace, and everyday society such as public transportation. -
IDEA
The primary purposes of IDEA are: To provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to children with disabilities. Once kids are found to have a qualifying disability, schools must provide them with special education and related services (like speech therapy and counseling) to meet their unique needs. -
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind was signed into law by President George W. Bush. This law states that all students should be proficient in math and reading by 2014. This law had some states asking to not be part of it. Some schools have been caught falsifying scores while others took it seriously and reported if they were not proficient. -
IDEA Reauthorized
The re-authorization of IDEA made many changes to the original. The changes include the IEP, due process, and student discipline. The new Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004 regulations contain changes in several important areas, including methods to identify students with learning disabilities, early intervening services, highly qualified teachers, discipline, and meeting accessibility standards. -
Office of Special Education Programs
The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) is dedicated to improving results for infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities ages birth through 21 by providing leadership and financial support to assist states and local districts. Link _ https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/osep/index.html
