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Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that separate schools are inherently unequal. Brown v. Board required schools to integrate, although many places tried to resist the movement for years afterwards.
[https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm] -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children sued PA for denying certain students the right to attend public school. The outcome required that parents be included in the school placement process and provided a way for disputes to be settled.
[https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm]
[https://www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/] -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
This case was brought on by a school refusing to allow a student to attend because his behavioral problems would be too expensive. The judge ruled that the school needed to provide free, appropriate, public education for all students and that students being suspended for longer than two days required a hearing. This and PARC lead to the Education Act for All Handicapped Children Act.
[https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm]
[https://www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/] -
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This law prohibits discrimination based on disability in programs from federal agencies, programs receiving federal funding, and in federal employment.
[https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/] -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Passed by Congress. This was the first law to address students with physical and mental disabilities. It required schools to provides services for students who needed them. The law also implemented a universal evaluation system and allocated federal money to public schools to support special education services.
[https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm]
[https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/] -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
This is a modification of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. It requires schools to provides free special education services in the least restrictive environment possible, including participating in the same activities as other children whenever possible.
[https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/] -
Americans with Disabilities Act
ADA protects students with disabilities in a variety of ways. It requires forms of transportation, communication, and buildings to be physically accessible to people with disabilities. Private schools may not discriminate against people with disabilities under this law.
[https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/]
[https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9805.html] -
Assisstive Technology Act
Amended in 2004, this law allows for financial assistance to support programs that maximize the ability of individuals with a disability to obtain assistive technology devices and services. This law covers people of all ages, of all disabilities, in all situations, including schools of all levels.
[https://www.ataporg.org/ATActSummary] -
No Child Left Behind
Also known as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, this called for schools to be accountable for all students' academic performances. This accountability included routine assessments created by individual states. The law outlines incentives for schools that show sufficient progress.
[https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/] -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Improvement
IDEA was amended to reflect the overrepresentation, mislabeling, and high dropout rates of minority students with disabilities. Additionally, the law requires that students with disabilities be given goals that are aligned with standards established for nondisabled students. Continuing and appropriate professional development is also a key to providing the best possible services for all students.
[https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm] -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
ESSA was passed by President Obama. It includes requiring all students to be held to high academic standards, annual assessments to track progress, protections for disadvantaged and high-need students, and access to high-quality preschools.
[https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm] -
Timeline Sources
Summary of Assistive Technology Act of 1998. (n.d.) Association of Assistive Technology Act Programs. Retrieved from https://www.ataporg.org/ATActSummary. Wright, P. (Nov 29, 2010). The History of Special Education Law. Wrightslaw. Retrieved from http://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
Timeline Sources
Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-336, 104 Stat. 328 (1990). Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9805.html Li, L. (Dec 11, 2013). PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education, DC. Rooted in Rights. Retrieved from https://www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/ -
Timeline Source
5 Important Special Education Laws. (n.d.) Masters in Special Education Program Guide. Retrieved from https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/ -
Webliography
The following link contains descriptions of the various exceptionalities we have disussed throughout the course and resources for parents, teachers, and other individuals.
[https://docs.google.com/document/d/10SgPmacf5-d_-P29B7dA-exOlFrE4rLP5rnyrMZhWJE/edit?usp=sharing]