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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown vs. Board Of Education: Supreme Court case which ruled that racial segregation of children in public school was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education emphasizes the idea of “separate-but-equal”. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topek -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
A new commitment by the federal government to “quality and equality” in educating young people. Purpose of this law is to provide for grants to districts serving low-income students, federal grants for textbooks and library books, etc. https://blog.ed.gov/2015/04/what-is-esea/ -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The first right-to-education in the country. The state provides free public education for children with mental health. This law began the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142). https://www.pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/ -
FAPE
Requirements Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, it provides students in any school district-no matter how severe the student’s disability are-a Free Appropriate Public education under Section 504. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/edlite-FAPE504.html -
Section 504
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act: Prevents discrimination against all individuals with disabilities in programs that receive federal funds. This ensures that all students will have an opportunity for any school activities. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA, EHA, or Public Law (PL) 94-142)
Ensures that children with a disability in public schools will get one free meal each school day and provided with an education they deserve. http://www.specialednews.com/special-education-dictionary/eha---education-for-all-handicapped-children-act.htm -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
The school sued due to the interpreter being taken away from a deaf student, Amy Rowley. School administrators and the interpreter, intent that Amy is able to succeed in classes without an interpreter. The school violated the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, Amy’s parents sued the school on her behalf. The court ruled in Rowley’s favor. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1002 -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
No Child Left Behind (NCLB): passed by Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan 8, 2002. This law increased the federal role in holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students. It ensures that the states and schools boost the performance of certain groups of students, i.e. English Language Learners (ELL), students in special education classrooms, and poor/minority children, and etc. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA): 2004, major purpose of the IDEA ensures that all children with disabilities have available an appropriate public education that emphasizes to meets the needs of each specific student. http://www.cpacinc.org/materials-publications/legal-rights/the-individuals-with-disabilities-education-improvement-act-idea-2004/
